Multi-objective optimization of a distributed energy network integrated with heating interchange

In this study, a multi-objective MILP (mixed integer linear programming) model has been developed for the optimization of a distributed energy network integrated with heating interchanges. The model allows to determine the energy generation components among various candidates, the site and size of each selected technology, optimal running schedule, as well as optimal lay-out of heating pipelines. Both economic and environmental aspects have been taken into account in the objective function with relative weighting factors. As an illustrative example, the model is applied to a low carbon community including five buildings (hotel, hospital, office, store and apartment) located in Shanghai, China. According to the simulation results, by introducing the distributed energy network, the total capacity of distributed generations is increased, and the overall performances (both economic and environmental ones) of the local area are enhanced. In addition, the sensitivity analyses indicate that the determination of user preference, as well as the fluctuation of energy loads and fuel prices may have considerable influence on the performances of the distributed energy network. Moreover, according to the results of “8 buildings” cases with different building combinations, the rational selection of end-users is of vital importance for the plan and design of a distributed energy network.