Embedded Systems Design For Low Energy Consumption

This tutorial covers the circuit fundamentals of CMOS circuits which contribute to the consumption of energy in portable products, as well as guidelines for the design of systems in order to reduce energy consumption and prolong battery life. Circuit fundamentals will include a definition of terms, basic circuit elements, laws of operation, and basic circuit theory applying energy consumption. We will then present three major principles of energy reduction: reducing number of transitions, reducing the amount of switched capacitance, and reducing the operating voltage. Several guidelines that can be applied during the system design process which utilize the three major principles.