论文信息 - When Stereotypes Hurt: Three Studies of Penalties for Sex-Role Reversals.

When Stereotypes Hurt: Three Studies of Penalties for Sex-Role Reversals.

Abstract Three studies that demonstrate penalties for sex-role reversals are reported. In each study, subjects evaluated men and women who behaved either in line with sex-role stereotypes or counter to them. The results show that popularity ratings and perceived psychological adjustment of both passive-dependent men and aggressive-assertive women were adversely affected. The findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to recent theories about women's achievement motivation.

[1] T. G. Alper. The relationship between role orientation and achievement motivation in college women. , 1973, Journal of personality.

[2] D. Kuhn,et al. Intrapsychic versus cultural explanations of the "fear of success" motive. , 1974, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[3] G. H. Lunney,et al. USING ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WITH A DICHOTOMOUS DEPENDENT VARIABLE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY , 1970 .

[4] L. Hoffman. Fear of success in males and females: 1965 and 1971. , 1974 .

[5] H. Bee,et al. Sex-role stereotypes and self-concepts in college students. , 1968, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[6] S. Fiske,et al. The Handbook of Social Psychology , 1935 .

[7] B. J. Winer. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design , 1992 .

[8] H. Etzkowitz. The Male Sister; Sexual Separation of Labor in Society. , 1971 .

[9] A. H. Stein,et al. The socialization of achievement orientation in females. , 1973 .

[10] C. T. Macbrayer. Differences in Perception of the Opposite Sex by Males and Females , 1960 .

[11] D. Broverman,et al. Sex-role stereotypes and clinical judgments of mental health. , 1970, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[12] D. Kipnis. Inner Direction, Other Direction and Achievement Motivation , 1974 .

[13] R. Helmreich,et al. Likability, Sex-role Congruence of Interest, and Competence: It All Depends on How You Ask1 , 1975 .