Self-Driving Cars

Several car manufacturers and technology companies currently have autonomous cars in their road maps. However, highly reliable automated systems introduce a huge conundrum (Endsley, 2016) – it makes it difficult for human operators to monitor critical pieces of information and take over manual control when needed. For example, drivers with high automation trust are less likely to monitor the automated driving system (e.g., Hergeth, Lorenz, Vilimek, & Krems, 2016a) and more likely to engage in nondriving tasks (e.g., Carsten, Lai, Barnard, Jamson, & Merat, 2012). Whether we like it or not, automation is here to stay and to grow. Given that, how can we make human–automation interaction safer (Endsley, 2016; Hergeth, Lorenz, Vilimek, & Krems, 2016b)?