Limitations on heat transfer rates on fuel elements in Canadian heavy-water-moderated reactors are examined.
With organic coolant in simple flow geometries, heat fluxes are limited by departure from nucleate boiling, (DNB); in simulated fuel bundles the failure mechanism can be either localized DNB, or coke-out, the formation, deposition and rapid growth of coolant decomposition products on heated surfaces.
With boiling light water coolant, critical heat flux (CHF) is caused by DNB at low qualities and by dry-out at higher qualities. Parameters governing CHF in tubes and annuli are fairly well established. Data for fuel bundles are becoming available. Methods of increasing CHF and of rationally setting margins of safety on CHF are being developed.
On a etudie les limitations relatives aux flux de chaleur sur les elements combustibles dans les reacteurs moderes a l'eau lourde.
Lorsqu'on emploie un refrigerant organique dans un dispositif d'ecoulement de forme geometrique simple, les flux de chaleur sont limites par la deviation de l'ebullution germinee (DNB); dans des faisceaux simules de combustible, l'insucces du dispositif peut etre dǔ a DNB localie, ou a un “coke-out”, qui est la formation, le depǒt et l'accumulation des produits de decomposition du refrigerant sur les surfaces chauffees.
Dans le cas de l'ebullition de l'eau ordinaire employee comme refrigerant, la flux de chaleur critique (CHF) est produit par DNB lorsque la vapeur est en faible proportion et par l'assechement lorsqu'elle est en forte proportion. Les parametres qui regissent CHF dans les tubes et les espaces annulaires sont assez bien etablis. Des renseignements sur les faisceaux de combustible deviennent disponibles. On a mis au point des methodes pour augmenter CHF et lui donner des limites rationnelles de securite.
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