Scan to BIM for the digital management and representation in 3D GIS environment of cultural heritage site

Abstract The aim of this paper is to implement a novel Scan to BIM method applied to cultural heritage field to build 3D GIS model able to connect different databases and, as consequence, allowing a multidisciplinary approach. The proposed method was applied to the case study of a rock church located in the famous ceramics district of Grottaglie (Italy). To obtain the 3D GIS model of the structure under investigation, it was necessary to perform, as a first step, an integrated survey with Terrestrial Laser Scanner technology and close range photogrammetry which allowed the construction of a dense point cloud and high-resolution orthophotos useful for the study of architectural and historical analysis of the elements present within the rock site. Subsequently, the single objects identified using the stratigraphic method, was modelled from point cloud by the development of an original procedure based on the use of some tools developed in Rhinoceros and MeshLAB software that allowed reconstructing the objects in a geometrically accurate way. Indeed, the difference between the point cloud and the BIM model was of few millimetres, demonstrating the high quality of the proposed method. Finally, the BIM model was imported into 3D GIS environment and for each element previously identified, it was possible to connect multi-information.

[1]  G. Gigli,et al.  Rupestrian world heritage sites: instability investigation and sustainable mitigation , 2017 .

[2]  Sisi Zlatanova,et al.  Automatic geo-referencing of BIM in GIS environments using building footprints , 2020, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst..

[3]  Massimiliano Pepe,et al.  Techniques, Tools, Platforms and Algorithms in Close Range Photogrammetry in Building 3D Model and 2D Representation of Objects and Complex Architectures , 2020 .

[4]  Andreia ALMEIDA,et al.  3D-GIS HERITAGE CITY MODEL: Case study of the Historical City of Leiria , 2016 .

[5]  Charalabos Ioannidis,et al.  GIS and BIM as Integrated Digital Environments for Modeling and Monitoring of Historic Buildings , 2020, Applied Sciences.

[6]  Maurice Murphy,et al.  Integration of Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and 3D GIS for recording and managing cultural heritage sites , 2012, 2012 18th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia.

[7]  Massimiliano Pepe,et al.  An Efficient Pipeline to Obtain 3D Model for HBIM and Structural Analysis Purposes from 3D Point Clouds , 2020, Applied Sciences.

[8]  Antonia Spanò,et al.  Data collection and management for stratigraphic analysis of upstanding structures , 2015, 2015 1st International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management (GISTAM).

[9]  E. Demetrescu.  Archaeological stratigraphy as a formal language for virtual reconstruction. Theory and practice , 2015 .

[10]  Ian J. Ewart,et al.  Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM): a review of published case studies , 2019 .

[11]  C. Parente,et al.  CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION IN SIS ENVIRONMENT: ANAPPLICATION FOR "PORTA SIRENA" IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OFPAESTUM , 2017 .

[12]  P. Burrough.  Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment , 1986 .

[13]  Thomas Luhmann,et al.  Close Range Photogrammetry , 2007 .

[14]  Filip Biljecki,et al.  Towards an integration of GIS and BIM data : what are the geometric and topological issues? , 2017 .

[15]  Ebrahim Parvaresh Karan,et al.  Extending Building Information Modeling (BIM) interoperability to geo-spatial domain using semantic web technology , 2014 .

[16]  Ramona Quattrini,et al.  FROM TLS TO HBIM. HIGH QUALITY SEMANTICALLY-AWARE 3D MODELING OF COMPLEX ARCHITECTURE , 2015 .

[17]  D. Costantino,et al.  Scan-to-HBIM for conservation and preservation of Cultural Heritage building: the case study of San Nicola in Montedoro church (Italy) , 2021, Applied Geomatics.

[18]  P. Lassandro,et al.  3D MODELLING AND MEDIEVAL LIGHTING RECONSTRUCTION FOR RUPESTRIAN CHURCHES , 2019, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.

[19]  Massimiliano Pepe,et al.  UAV Photogrammetry and 3D Modelling of Complex Architecture for Maintenance Purposes: the Case Study of the Masonry Bridge on the Sele River, Italy , 2020 .

[20]  M. Lo Brutto,et al.  SCAN-TO-BIM for the MANAGEMENT of HERITAGE BUILDINGS: The CASE STUDY of the CASTLE of MAREDOLCE (PALERMO, ITALY) , 2020 .

[21]  Pavel Tobiáš,et al.  BIM, GIS and semantic models of cultural heritage buildings , 2016 .

[22]  Christopher B. Jones.  Data structures for three-dimensional spatial information systems in geology , 1989, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[23]  Daniele Ferdani,et al.  3D-GIS as a Platform for Visual Analysis: Investigating a Pompeian House , 2016 .

[24]  P. Burrough,et al.  Principles of geographical information systems , 1998 .

[25]  A. Adami,et al.  HBIM for Planned Conservation: A New Approach to Information Management , 2020 .

[26]  Ali Hussein Hameed,et al.  Documentation of construction project using integration of BIM and GIS technique , 2020, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering.

[27]  Riccardo Roncella,et al.  HBIM for Conservation: A New Proposal for Information Modeling , 2019, Remote. Sens..

[28]  Clive S. Fraser,et al.  Geometric accuracy and semantic richness in heritage BIM: A review , 2020, Digit. Appl. Archaeol. Cult. Heritage.

[29]  Jan Boehm,et al.  Integration of Jeddah Historical BIM and 3D GIS for Documentation and Restoration of Historical Monument , 2015 .

[30]  Volker Coors,et al.  3D-GIS in networking environments , 2003, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst..

[31]  Juan Moyano,et al.  Bringing BIM to archaeological heritage: Interdisciplinary method/strategy and accuracy applied to a megalithic monument of the Copper Age , 2020 .

[32]  Massimiliano Pepe,et al.  A CityGML Multiscale Approach for the Conservation and Management of Cultural Heritage: The Case Study of the Old Town of Taranto (Italy) , 2020, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[33]  Ilaria Trizio,et al.  INTEGRATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL MODELS AND 3D GIS: THE DOCUMENTATION OF THE MEDIEVAL BURIALS OF AMITERNUM (L’AQUILA, ITALY) , 2018 .

[34]  Dimitrios Skarlatos,et al.  COMPARISON OF LASER SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND SFM-MVS PIPELINE APPLIED IN STRUCTURES AND ARTIFICIAL SURFACES , 2012 .

[35]  Laila M. Khodeir,et al.  Integrating HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) Tools in the Application of Sustainable Retrofitting of Heritage Buildings in Egypt , 2016 .

[36]  Paolo Cignoni,et al.  MeshLab: an Open-Source Mesh Processing Tool , 2008, Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference.

[37]  Edward C. Harris,et al.  Principles of archaeological stratigraphy , 1979 .

[38]  Juan Enrique,et al.  El Estudio Paramental en el Modelo de Información del Edificio Histórico o "Proyecto HBIM" The paramental study on the Model of Information of Historic Building or "HBIM Project" , 2014 .

[39]  Stefano Brusaporci,et al.  THE ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION SYSTEM SIARCH3D-UNIVAQ FOR ANALYSIS AND PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE , 2012 .