A rapid, straight-forward method for controlling the morphology of stable silver nanoparticles

A rapid, straight-forward method for the preparation of silver colloidal solutions of various colours has been developed. This is based on the reduction of silver ions by ascorbic acid in the presence of citrate-stabilized silver seeds, additional trisodium citrate and a polymer such as polyvinylpyrrolidone. The colour of the sol is controlled by varying the concentration of only one reagent, namely the trisodium citrate. TEM studies show that this effect is due to changes in morphology of the particles. Working at temperatures above 50 °C yields well-defined triangular plates, which are stable in the reaction medium. Samples prepared at lower temperatures and left in the reaction medium experience etching and a consequent change in particle shape. The mechanisms of the initial particle growth and the etching process are discussed.

[1]  Glenn P. Goodrich,et al.  Plasmonic enhancement of molecular fluorescence. , 2007, Nano letters.

[2]  J. Song,et al.  Does the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Depend on the Shape of the Nanoparticle? A Study of the Gram-Negative Bacterium Escherichia coli , 2007, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[3]  Aibing Yu,et al.  Thiol-frozen shape evolution of triangular silver nanoplates. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[4]  S. Bell,et al.  Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for sub-micromolar detection of DNA/RNA mononucleotides. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[5]  M. Yacamán,et al.  The role of twinning in shape evolution of anisotropic noble metal nanostructures , 2006 .

[6]  Distance-dependent emission from dye-labeled oligonucleotides on striped Au/Ag nanowires: effect of secondary structure and hybridization efficiency. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[7]  H. Freund,et al.  Photochemistry on metal nanoparticles. , 2006, Chemical reviews.

[8]  Y. Ozaki,et al.  Silver Nanoplates with Special Shapes: Controlled Synthesis and Their Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties , 2006 .

[9]  Joseph M. McLellan,et al.  Comparison of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering on sharp and truncated silver nanocubes , 2006 .

[10]  Younan Xia,et al.  Reduction by the End Groups of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone): A New and Versatile Route to the Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Ag Triangular Nanoplates , 2006 .

[11]  Younan Xia,et al.  Maneuvering the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanostructures through shape-controlled synthesis. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[12]  A Paul Alivisatos,et al.  Two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays show the organizational power of robust DNA motifs. , 2006, Nano letters.

[13]  X. Gu,et al.  Synthesis of silver nanorods and nanowires by tartrate-reduced route in aqueous solutions , 2006 .

[14]  L. Liz‐Marzán,et al.  Formation of Silver Nanoprisms with Surface Plasmons at Communication Wavelengths , 2006 .

[15]  Kai Chen,et al.  Seedless, surfactantless photoreduction synthesis of silver nanoplates , 2006 .

[16]  Younan Xia,et al.  Right bipyramids of silver: a new shape derived from single twinned seeds. , 2006, Nano letters.

[17]  Hsin-Li Chen,et al.  Photosensitive gold-nanoparticle-embedded dielectric nanowires , 2006, Nature materials.

[18]  Hans C. Gerritsen,et al.  Fluorescence Enhancement by Metal‐Core/Silica‐Shell Nanoparticles , 2006 .

[19]  Vadim A. Markel,et al.  Local anisotropy and giant enhancement of local electromagnetic fields in fractal aggregates of metal nanoparticles , 2005, physics/0507202.

[20]  T. Mukherjee,et al.  Synthesis of silver nanoprisms in formamide. , 2005, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[21]  C. Lofton,et al.  Mechanisms Controlling Crystal Habits of Gold and Silver Colloids , 2005 .

[22]  C. Ni,et al.  Structural characteristics and growth of pentagonal silver nanorods prepared by a surfactant method. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[23]  Li Wang,et al.  One-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanowires on the surface of DNA network. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[24]  Younan Xia,et al.  Large-scale synthesis of silver nanocubes: the role of HCl in promoting cube perfection and monodispersity. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[25]  Kadir Aslan,et al.  Rapid deposition of triangular silver nanoplates on planar surfaces: application to metal-enhanced fluorescence. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[26]  Chad A. Mirkin,et al.  Rapid Thermal Synthesis of Silver Nanoprisms with Chemically Tailorable Thickness , 2005 .

[27]  Younan Xia,et al.  Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures: the case of silver. , 2005, Chemistry.

[28]  Qing Chen,et al.  A Simple and Effective Route for the Synthesis of Crystalline Silver Nanorods and Nanowires , 2004 .

[29]  Margaret E. Brennan,et al.  Enhanced third-order optical nonlinearity of silver nanoparticles with a tunable surface plasmon resonance. , 2004, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[30]  D. Astruc,et al.  Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[31]  C. Mirkin,et al.  Controlling anisotropic nanoparticle growth through plasmon excitation , 2003, Nature.

[32]  Younan Xia,et al.  Polyol Synthesis of Uniform Silver Nanowires: A Plausible Growth Mechanism and the Supporting Evidence , 2003 .

[33]  Younan Xia,et al.  Triangular Nanoplates of Silver: Synthesis, Characterization, and Use as Sacrificial Templates For Generating Triangular Nanorings of Gold , 2003 .

[34]  Younan Xia,et al.  Transformation of Silver Nanospheres into Nanobelts and Triangular Nanoplates through a Thermal Process , 2003 .

[35]  E. Coronado,et al.  The Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Size, Shape, and Dielectric Environment , 2003 .

[36]  Younan Xia,et al.  Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles , 2002, Science.

[37]  N. Seeman,et al.  Selfassembly of Metallic Nanoparticle Arrays by DNA Scaffolding , 2002 .

[38]  Zhiyong Fan,et al.  Silver Nanodisks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-Assembly , 2002 .

[39]  Luis M. Liz-Marzán,et al.  Synthesis of Silver Nanoprisms in DMF , 2002 .

[40]  C. Mirkin,et al.  Photoinduced Conversion of Silver Nanospheres to Nanoprisms , 2001, Science.

[41]  P. Bennema,et al.  Morphology and growth mechanism of multiply twinned AgBr and AgCl needle crystals , 1999 .

[42]  F. C. Loh,et al.  Photochemical Formation of Silver Nanoparticles in Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) , 1996 .

[43]  G. Schatz,et al.  Discrete dipole approximation for calculating extinction and Raman intensities for small particles with arbitrary shapes , 1995 .

[44]  J. Hillier,et al.  A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold , 1951 .