Learning to Compose Stylistic Calligraphy Artwork with Emotions

Emotion plays a critical role in calligraphy composition, which makes the calligraphy artwork impressive and have a soul. However, previous research on calligraphy generation all neglected the emotion as a major contributor to the artistry of calligraphy. Such defects prevent them from generating aesthetic, stylistic, and diverse calligraphy artworks, but only static handwriting font library instead. To address this problem, we propose a novel cross-modal approach to generate stylistic and diverse Chinese calligraphy artwork driven by different emotions automatically. We firstly detect the emotions in the text by a classifier, then generate the emotional Chinese character images via a novel modified Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) structure, finally we predict the layout for all character images with a recurrent neural network. We also collect a large-scale stylistic Chinese calligraphy image dataset with rich emotions. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms all baseline image translation models significantly for different emotional styles in terms of content accuracy and style discrepancy. Besides, our layout algorithm can also learn the patterns and habits of calligrapher, and makes the generated calligraphy more artistic. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to work on emotion-driven discourse-level Chinese calligraphy artwork composition.

[1]  Minjae Kim,et al.  U-GAT-IT: Unsupervised Generative Attentional Networks with Adaptive Layer-Instance Normalization for Image-to-Image Translation , 2019, ICLR.

[2]  Jun Yang,et al.  Pyramid Embedded Generative Adversarial Network for Automated Font Generation , 2018, 2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR).

[3]  Jianguo Xiao,et al.  FlexiFont: a flexible system to generate personal font libraries , 2014, DocEng '14.

[4]  M. Shcherbakov,et al.  A Survey of Forecast Error Measures , 2013 .

[5]  Ping Tan,et al.  DualGAN: Unsupervised Dual Learning for Image-to-Image Translation , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[6]  Yiming Gao,et al.  GAN-Based Unpaired Chinese Character Image Translation via Skeleton Transformation and Stroke Rendering , 2020, AAAI.

[7]  Xiaoming Yu,et al.  Multi-mapping Image-to-Image Translation via Learning Disentanglement , 2019, NeurIPS.

[8]  Yue Jiang,et al.  SCFont: Structure-Guided Chinese Font Generation via Deep Stacked Networks , 2019, AAAI.

[9]  Jung-Woo Ha,et al.  StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-domain Image-to-Image Translation , 2017, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[10]  Alexei A. Efros,et al.  Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[11]  Jianguo Xiao,et al.  DCFont: an end-to-end deep chinese font generation system , 2017, SIGGRAPH Asia Technical Briefs.

[12]  Jane Yung-jen Hsu,et al.  CalliGAN: Style and Structure-aware Chinese Calligraphy Character Generator , 2020, ArXiv.

[13]  Jimmy Ba,et al.  Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization , 2014, ICLR.

[14]  Jiangqin Wu,et al.  CalliGAN: Unpaired Mutli-chirography Chinese Calligraphy Image Translation , 2018, ACCV.

[15]  Wenbin Cai,et al.  Separating Style and Content for Generalized Style Transfer , 2017, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[16]  Horace Ho-Shing Ip,et al.  Virtual brush: a model-based synthesis of Chinese calligraphy , 2000, Comput. Graph..

[17]  Réjean Plamondon,et al.  The Generation of Oriental Characters: New Perspectives for Automatic Handwriting Processing , 1998, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell..

[18]  Jonathon Shlens,et al.  A Learned Representation For Artistic Style , 2016, ICLR.

[19]  Jan Kautz,et al.  Multimodal Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation , 2018, ECCV.

[20]  Ming-Wei Chang,et al.  BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding , 2019, NAACL.

[21]  Yunhe Pan,et al.  Automatic generation of artistic chinese calligraphy , 2004, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[22]  Maneesh Kumar Singh,et al.  DRIT++: Diverse Image-to-Image Translation via Disentangled Representations , 2019, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[23]  Bolei Zhou,et al.  Learning Deep Features for Discriminative Localization , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[24]  Simon Osindero,et al.  Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets , 2014, ArXiv.

[25]  Weiming Dong,et al.  Optimal character composing for Chinese calligraphic artwork , 2016, SIGGRAPH Asia Posters.

[26]  Jan Kautz,et al.  Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation Networks , 2017, NIPS.

[27]  V. Tam,et al.  Learning to write Chinese characters with correct stroke sequences on mobile devices , 2010, 2010 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer.

[28]  Hao Jiang,et al.  Automatic Generation of Personal Chinese Handwriting by Capturing the Characteristics of Personal Handwriting , 2009, IAAI.

[29]  Hang Su,et al.  Learning to Write Stylized Chinese Characters by Reading a Handful of Examples , 2017, IJCAI.

[30]  Ya Zhang,et al.  Chinese Typeface Transformation with Hierarchical Adversarial Network , 2017, ArXiv.

[31]  Andrea Vedaldi,et al.  Improved Texture Networks: Maximizing Quality and Diversity in Feed-Forward Stylization and Texture Synthesis , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[32]  Maosong Sun,et al.  Sentiment-Controllable Chinese Poetry Generation , 2019, IJCAI.

[33]  Yuke Zhu,et al.  StrokeBank: Automating Personalized Chinese Handwriting Generation , 2014, AAAI.

[34]  Wenyu Liu,et al.  Auto-Encoder Guided GAN for Chinese Calligraphy Synthesis , 2017, 2017 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR).

[35]  Qunsheng Peng,et al.  Realistic synthesis of cao shu of Chinese calligraphy , 2005, Comput. Graph..

[36]  Alexei A. Efros,et al.  Toward Multimodal Image-to-Image Translation , 2017, NIPS.

[37]  拓海 杉山,et al.  “Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks”の学習報告 , 2017 .

[38]  Yoshua Bengio,et al.  Generative Adversarial Nets , 2014, NIPS.

[39]  Keqin Li,et al.  A high-performance CNN method for offline handwritten Chinese character recognition and visualization , 2018, Soft Computing.

[40]  Qiong Zhang,et al.  Generating Handwritten Chinese Characters Using CycleGAN , 2018, 2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV).