Management Summary

International macroeconomic environment: global and European growth slows down somewhat as downside risks prevail Global growth has been weakening since the second half of 2018, leading to downward revisions in current forecasts. The revised outlook suggests a delay in the return of euro area inflation to its target rate. Hence, the ECB is expanding its accommodative monetary policy stance, while international stock indices have been volatile amid global trade tensions and geopolitical downside risks. Favorable macroeconomic conditions supported banking sector activity in most countries of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) in 2018. Growth was especially strong in the CESEE EU Member States, benefiting from booming labor markets and strong investment demand. Robust GDP growth went hand in hand with a further acceleration of credit growth amid low interest rates and ample liquidity. This contributed to a further reduction of nonperforming loans (NPLs) and an increase in banking sector profitability. Economic growth and banking sector results were also solid outside the EU, for instance in Russia and Ukraine. Only Turkey suffered from economic turbulences sending the economy into recession in the second half of 2018, which weighed on credit growth, loan quality and banking sector profitability.

[1]  Joerg Evermann,et al.  Towards Ontologically Based Semantics for UML Constructs , 2001, ER.

[2]  Dave Thomas.  UML - Unified or Universal Modeling Language? UML2, OCL, MOF, EDOC - The Emperor Has Too Many Clothes , 2003, J. Object Technol..

[3]  Geri Schneider,et al.  Applying Use Cases: A Practical Guide , 1998 .

[4]  Peter Loos,et al.  Fachkonzeptionelle Standardisierung von Fachkomponenten mit Ordnungssystemen - Ein Beitrag zur Lösung der Problematik der Wiederauffindbarkeit von Fachkomponenten , 2001 .

[5]  Ambrosio Toval Álvarez.  Unified Modeling Language: Systems Analysis, Design and Development Issues , 2001 .

[6]  Keith Duddy.  UML2 must enable a family of languages , 2002, CACM.

[7]  Reiko Heckel,et al.  UML - A Universal Modeling Language? , 2000, ICATPN.

[8]  Dov Dori.  Why significant UML change is unlikely , 2002, CACM.

[9]  Kassem Saleh,et al.  Documenting electronic commerce systems and software using the unified modeling language , 2002, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[10]  Thomas Deelmann,et al.  Überlegungen zu E-Business-Reifegrad-Modellen und insbesondere zu ihren Reifeindikatoren , 2001 .

[11]  Kai Koskimies,et al.  Transformation Between UML Diagrams , 2003, J. Database Manag..

[12]  Thomas Deelmann,et al.  Geschäftsmodelle und internetbasierte Geschäftsmodelle - Begriffsbestimmung und Teilnehmermodell , 2003 .

[13]  Rebecca Wirfs-Brock,et al.  Designing object-oriented software , 1990 .

[14]  Grady Booch.  UML in action , 1999, CACM.

[15]  Desmond D'Souza,et al.  Objects, Components, and Frameworks with UML: The Catalysis Approach , 1998 .

[16]  Ivar Jacobson,et al.  The unified modeling language reference manual , 2010 .

[17]  Daniel R. Dolk,et al.  Integrated model management in the data warehouse era , 2000, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[18]  Bruce Powel Douglass.  Real-time UML - developing efficient objects for embedded systems , 1997, Addison-Wesley object technology series.

[19]  Colin Atkinson,et al.  Rearchitecting the UML infrastructure , 2002, TOMC.

[20]  G. Webb.  Evolution not revolution. , 2003, Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection.

[21]  Stephen J. Mellor,et al.  Object Oriented Systems Analysis: Modeling the World in Data , 1988 .

[22]  Ron Weber,et al.  Research Commentary: Information Systems and Conceptual Modeling - A Research Agenda , 2002, Inf. Syst. Res..

[23]  Shouhong Wang.  Experiences with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) , 2001 .

[24]  Peter Loos,et al.  Erweiterung von Produktkonfiguratoren im Electronic Commerce um eine Beratungskomponente , 2003 .

[25]  Keng Siau,et al.  UML:a critical evaluation and suggested future , 2001, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[26]  Anneke Kleppe,et al.  The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA , 2003 .

[27]  Cris Kobryn,et al.  Modeling components and frameworks with UML , 2000, CACM.

[28]  Peter Fettke,et al.  Entwicklungen in der elektronischen Finanzdienstleistungswirtschaft , 2001 .

[29]  David Frankel,et al.  Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing , 2003 .

[30]  Norman W. Paton,et al.  Conceptual data modelling for bioinformatics , 2002, Briefings Bioinform..

[31]  Peter Loos,et al.  Aspekte des Wissensmanagements in der Software-Entwicklung am Beispiel von V-Modell und Extreme Programming , 2001 .

[32]  Cris Kobryn,et al.  UML 3.0 and the future of modeling , 2004, Software & Systems Modeling.

[33]  Torsten Fischer,et al.  Bankfiliale in der Virtuellen Realität - Eine Technologiestudie , 2002 .

[34]  Stefan Berner.  A Classification of Stereotypes for Object-Oriented Modeling Language 1 Beitrag für den 7-ten GROOM-Workshop „ UML-Erweiterungen ( Profile ) und Konzepte der Metamodellierung “ , 2000 .

[35]  Dennis de Champeaux.  Extending and Shrinking UML , 2003 .

[36]  Stephen J. Mellor.  Make models be assets , 2002, CACM.

[37]  Keng Siau,et al.  An Empirical Evaluation of UML Notational Elements Using a Concept Mapping Approach , 2003, ICIS.

[38]  Peter Loos,et al.  Classification framework for business components , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[39]  Joaquin Miller,et al.  WHAT UML SHOULD BE , 2002 .

[40]  Conrad Bock,et al.  UML without Pictures , 2003, IEEE Softw..

[41]  Bertrand Meyer,et al.  Object-oriented software construction (2nd ed.) , 1997 .

[42]  Stephen W. Liddle,et al.  An Analysis of the Unified Modeling Language: UML Compared with OSM , 1998 .

[43]  Thomas Deelmann,et al.  Entwurf eines Merkmal-Sets zur Beschreibung ausgewählter organisatorischer, funktionaler und ökonomischer Aspekte elektronischer Publikationen , 2002 .