Behavior of Cu and Zn under combined pollution of 2,4-dichlorophenol in the planted soil

Behavior of heavy metals under combined pollution of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was investigated using metal contaminated soil which was sampled from the heavily industrialized areas, Fuyang county, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China and pretreated with 100 μg g−1 2,4-DCP for 1 month. Metal complexes were the predominant species for Cu and Zn in the soil solution. The treatment of 2,4-DCP had limited effect on the dissolution of Cu and Zn in the soil without plant root growth. But the metal species might be changed due to the addition of organic pollutant. Planting with rye grass for 1 month, greatly increased both water soluble Cu and Zn. The increase of water soluble Cu and Zn in the presence of 2,4-DCP was much more than that in the absence of 2,4-DCP, which suggested more attention should be paid to the behavior of heavy metals under combined pollution of organic pollutants in the planted soil. The results also indicated that in comparison to Cu, soil planted with ryegrass was more effective in activating Zn from soils, which was consistent with its relative weak chemisorptions on clays, oxides and humus of soils.

[1]  P. Christie,et al.  Soil solution dynamics of Cu and Zn in a Cu- and Zn-polluted soil as influenced by gamma-irradiation and Cu-Zn interaction. , 2001, Chemosphere.

[2]  T. H. Christensen,et al.  Changes in trace metal species and other components of the rhizosphere during growth of radish , 1995 .

[3]  S. McGrath.  Long-term studies of metal transfers following application of sewage sludge. , 1987 .

[4]  C. Leyval,et al.  Bioavailability of heavy metals and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in a soil polluted by atmospheric deposition from a smelter , 2004, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[5]  H. Chen.  Interaction of Pb and Cd in Soil Water Plant System and Its Mechanism: II. Pb Cd Interaction in Rhizosphere *1 , 1998 .

[6]  C. Tu,et al.  Effect of applying chemical fertilizers on forms of lead and cadmium in red soil. , 2000, Chemosphere.

[7]  G. Cieslinski,et al.  Low-molecular-weight organic acids in rhizosphere soils of durum wheat and their effect on cadmium bioaccumulation , 1998, Plant and Soil.

[8]  Catherine N. Mulligan,et al.  Remediation technologies for metal-contaminated soils and groundwater: an evaluation , 2001 .

[9]  H. Allen,et al.  The importance of organic matter distribution and extract soil:solution ratio on the desorption of heavy metals from soils. , 2002, The Science of the total environment.

[10]  L. Lacerda,et al.  The biogeochemistry and trace metals distribution of mangrove rhizospheres , 1993 .

[11]  A. P. Schwab,et al.  PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH ORGANIC POLLUTANT , 1996 .

[12]  G. Vernet,et al.  Phytotoxicity of diuron alone and in combination with copper or folpet on duckweed (Lemna minor). , 1999, Environmental pollution.

[13]  Paul J. Worsfold,et al.  Heavy metals in soils , 1995 .

[14]  Alan J. M. Baker,et al.  Phytoremediation Potential of Thlaspi caerulescens and Bladder Campion for Zinc‐ and Cadmium‐Contaminated Soil , 1994 .

[15]  Prosun Bhattacharya,et al.  Metal contamination at a wood preservation site: characterisation and experimental studies on remediation. , 2002, The Science of the total environment.

[16]  J. Pignatello,et al.  Competitive sorption between 1,3-dichlorobenzene or 2,4-dichlorophenol and natural aromatic acids in soil organic matter , 1998 .

[17]  E. Sérvulo,et al.  Phytoremediation of Soil Multi-Contaminated with Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Using Sunflowers , 2022 .

[18]  W. Chao.  Hyperaccumulators and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil:a review of studies in China and abroad , 2001 .

[19]  Thomas Højlund Christensen,et al.  Cadmium and zinc in plants and soil solutions from contaminated soils , 1997, Plant and Soil.

[20]  H. Clijsters,et al.  Oxidative damage and defense mechanisms in primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris as a result of root assimilation of toxic amounts of copper , 1996 .

[21]  Evaluation of heavy metal lability in polluted soils by a cation exchange batch procedure. , 1998, Environmental pollution.

[22]  B. J. Alloway,et al.  Heavy metals in soils , 1990 .

[23]  A. Cobb,et al.  Graminicide antagonism by broadleaf weed herbicides , 1994 .

[24]  W. Hendershot,et al.  Trace metal speciation and bioavailability in urban soils. , 2000, Environmental pollution.