At the Intersection of Content and Materiality: A Texto‐Material Perspective on the Use of Media Technologies

This article examines the scholarship on agency in the appropriation of information and communication technologies in communication and media research and science and technology studies. Work in these fields has been limited by inability to depict the ways in which materiality and content intersect in technology use and why that matters for making sense of agency dynamics. This article articulates a “texto-material” perspective that combines analysis of users' content creation and interpretation practices with an assessment of how they appropriate and shape artifacts. Building on the small body of work that has explored the intersections of these dimensions, we propose a programmatic research agenda that begins operationalizing this perspective by fostering an examination of media technologies as texto-material assemblages. Nier les noœuds et la fragmentation liquide : developper les conversations sur la diffusion, les reseaux sociaux et la fragmentation Cet article propose des approches renouvelees a deux domaines cles de la recherche en communication : la diffusion des innovations et la modelisation de la fragmentation.L’exploration d’un possible vide dans la modelisation des nœuds pourrait donner des idees pour une mise a jour des approches dans ces domaines de la recherche en communication et dans d’autres.Un argument est expose en faveur de plus d’etudes sur les implications des technologies et des plateformes de communication numerisees, ainsi que de leurs utilisateurs, sur la nature explicative et predictive de la diffusion traditionnelle de meme que leur impact sur les reseaux sociaux unis par des liens forts et faibles.Avec en toile de fond la theorie des reseaux (en particulier les liens forts et faibles) et un modele de fragmentation connexe, cet article encourage l’exploration scientifique des comportements de reseaux actualises et de leur influence possible sur au moins un domaine connexe de la recherche en communication. Mots cles : diffusion, reseaux, reseaux sociaux, fragmentation, liens faibles, petits mondes An der Schnittstelle zwischen Inhalt und Materialitat: Ein texto-stofflicher Blick auf die Nutzung von Medientechnologien In diesem Artikel befassen wir uns mit dem Thema Agentschaft bei der Aneignung von Medientechnologien in Forschungsarbeiten aus der Kommunikationsforschung und -wissenschaft sowie Technikwissenschaft. Insbesondere betrachten wir, wie Wissenschaftler dieser und angrenzenderForschungsgebiete, die Themen Materialitat und Inhalt untersucht haben. Wir kommen in unserer Analyse zu dem Schluss, dass trotz der Fulle an Arbeiten bislang ungeklart ist, wie sich Materialitat und Inhalt bei der Nutzung von Medientechnologien uberschneiden und warum dies helfen kann, die Dynamiken der Agentschaft zu verstehen. Um diese Grenzen zu uberwinden, verwenden wir in unserem Artikel eine ,,texto-stoffliche“ Perspektive, die die Analyse der Inhaltsgenerierung und Interpretationspraktiken durch die Nutzer mit einer Einschatzung, wie die Nutzer sich diese Artefakte aneignen und gestalten verknupft. Schlusselbegriffe: Kommunikation und Technologie, Medienwissenschaft, Neue Medientheorie En la Interseccion entre el Contenido y la Materialidad: Una Perspectiva Texto-Material sobre el Uso de las Tecnologias de los Medios Resumen: Este articulo examina la erudicion acerca de la agencia en la apropiacion de las tecnologias de los medios en la investigacion de la comunicacion y los estudios de la ciencia y la tecnologia enfocandose en como los estudiosos en estos y algunos campos vecinos han estudiado los asuntos de la materialidad y el contenido. El analisis sugiere que, a pesar de sus muchas contribuciones, el trabajo en esos campos ha sido limitado por la inhabilidad para representar las formas en las que la materialidady el contenido se cruzan en el uso de la tecnologia de los medios y porque eso importa para dar sentido a las dinamicas de la agencia. Para superar estos defectos, este ensayo articula una perspectiva “texto-material” que combina un analisis de la creacion de contenido por los usuarios y las practicas de interpretacion con una evaluacion de como ellos apropian y dan forma a los artefactos. Palabras claves:Comunicacion y Tecnologia, Estudios de los Medios, Teoria de los Nuevos Medios

[1]  John Fiske,et al.  Audiencing: A cultural studies approach to watching television , 1992 .

[2]  Henry Jenkins Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide , 2006 .

[3]  Sonia Livingstone,et al.  The Changing Nature of Audiences: From the Mass Audience to the Interactive Media User , 2007 .

[4]  Pierre Bourdieu,et al.  Outline of a Theory of Practice , 2020, On Violence.

[5]  John Dewey,et al.  The essential Dewey , 1998 .

[6]  L. Manovich,et al.  The language of new media , 2001 .

[7]  D. Morley Television, Audiences and Cultural Studies , 1992 .

[8]  Yong Wang Agency: The internal split of structure , 2008 .

[9]  P. Lazarsfeld,et al.  6. Katz, E. Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications , 1956 .

[10]  Rudi Volti,et al.  America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940 , 1992 .

[11]  Klaus Bruhn Jensen Text and Intertextuality , 2008 .

[12]  A. Kellerman,et al.  The Constitution of Society : Outline of the Theory of Structuration , 2015 .

[13]  David Grant,et al.  The Sage handbook of organizational discourse , 2004 .

[14]  Pierre Bourdieu,et al.  Photography: A Middle-Brow Art , 1990 .

[15]  Elihu Katz,et al.  The Export of Meaning: Cross-Cultural Readings of Dallas , 1990 .

[16]  B. Latour Science in action : how to follow scientists and engineers through society , 1989 .

[17]  Klaus Krippendorff,et al.  Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology , 1980 .

[18]  Pertti Alasuutari Introduction: Three Phases of Reception Studies , 1999 .

[19]  R. Shaw,et al.  Perceiving, Acting and Knowing : Toward an Ecological Psychology , 1978 .

[20]  Ien Ang Desperately seeking the audience , 1991 .

[21]  Ignacio Siles,et al.  Web Technologies of the Self: The Arising of the "Blogger" Identity , 2012, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[22]  Jürgen Habermas,et al.  Justification and Application: Remarks on Discourse Ethics , 1993 .

[23]  E. Katz,et al.  The Uses of Mass Communications: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research. Sage Annual Reviews of Communication Research Volume III. , 1975 .

[24]  D. Crowley,et al.  Communication Theory Today , 1994 .

[25]  Martin Bauer Resistance to New Technology: Nuclear Power, Information Technology, Biotechnology , 1995 .

[26]  Talcott Parsons,et al.  The theory of social action: The correspondence of Alfred Schutz and Talcott Parsons , 1978 .

[27]  A. Giddens Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis , 1979 .

[28]  Punie Yves,et al.  Domestication Of Media And Technology , 2005 .

[29]  P. Boczkowski News at Work: Imitation in an Age of Information Abundance , 2010 .

[30]  Matthew Fuller,et al.  Behind the Blip: Essays on the Culture of Software , 2003 .

[31]  R. Silverstone Television And Everyday Life , 1994 .

[32]  M. Lynch,et al.  The handbook of science and technology studies , 2008 .

[33]  F. Dépelteau Relational Thinking: A Critique of Co-Deterministic Theories of Structure and Agency* , 2008 .

[34]  Christina Dunbar-Hester 'Free the spectrum!' Activist encounters with old and new media technology , 2009, New Media Soc..

[35]  P. Boczkowski Bridging STS and communication studies: Scholarship on media and information technologies , 2007 .

[36]  J. Blumler The Role of Theory in Uses and Gratifications Studies , 1979 .

[37]  E. Katz The Two-Step Flow of Communication: An Up-To-Date Report on an Hypothesis , 1957 .

[38]  Leslie Haddon,et al.  The Contribution of Domestication Research to In-Home Computing and Media Consumption , 2006, Inf. Soc..

[39]  R. Rice,et al.  Assessing new cell phone text and video services , 2008 .

[40]  P. Bourdieu,et al.  实践与反思 : 反思社会学导引 = An invitation to reflexive sociology , 1994 .

[41]  Philip Goldstein,et al.  New Directions in American Reception Study , 2008 .

[42]  James S. Ettema,et al.  AudienceMaking: How the Media Create the Audience , 1994 .

[43]  Barry Wellman,et al.  Searching for Culture - High and Low , 2007, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[44]  James Lull,et al.  Inside Family Viewing : Ethnographic Research on Television's Audiences , 1990 .

[45]  M. Reiff,et al.  Genre: An Introduction to History, Theory, Research, and Pedagogy , 2010 .

[46]  Nick Couldry,et al.  Theorising media as practice , 2004 .

[47]  Thomas J. Johnson,et al.  Online and in the Know: Uses and Gratifications of the Web for Political Information , 2002 .

[48]  S. Livingstone On the mediation of everything: ICA presidential address 2008 , 2009 .

[49]  Sonia Livingstone,et al.  Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers' use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression , 2008, New Media Soc..

[50]  Adrian Mackenzie Cutting Code: Software and Sociality , 2006 .

[51]  Sally Wyatt,et al.  They came, they surfed, they went back to the beach: Conceptualising use and non-use of the Internet , 2002 .

[52]  Henry Jenkins Textual Poachers: Television Fans & Participatory Culture , 1992 .

[53]  Els Rommes,et al.  Gender scripts and the internet : the design and use of Amsterdam's digital city , 2002 .

[54]  S. Livingstone Audiences and Publics: When Cultural Engagement Matters for the Public Sphere , 2005 .

[55]  S. Livingstone The Challenge of Engaging Youth Online , 2007 .

[56]  Ien Ang Watching Dallas: Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination , 1985 .

[57]  R. Mansell,et al.  Communication by design: the politics of information and communication technologies , 1996 .

[58]  François Cooren Action and Agency in Dialogue: Passion, Incarnation and Ventriloquism , 2010 .

[59]  P. Lazarsfeld,et al.  Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications , 1956 .

[60]  Trevor Pinch,et al.  How users matter : The co-construction of users and technologies , 2003 .

[61]  Nick Couldry,et al.  ACTOR NETWORK THEORY AND MEDIA: DO THEY CONNECT AND ON WHAT TERMS? , 2008 .

[62]  Thomas E. Ruggiero Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century , 2000 .

[63]  N. Baym Tune In, Log On: Soaps, Fandom, and Online Community , 1999 .

[64]  Trevor Pinch,et al.  Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer , 2002 .

[65]  M. Mcluhan Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man , 1964 .

[66]  D. Hess Ethnography and the Development of Science and Technology Studies , 2001 .

[67]  W. Orlikowski Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations , 2000 .

[68]  Peter Galison,et al.  The science studies reader , 1999 .

[69]  T. Pinch,et al.  Living in a Material World: Economic Sociology Meets Science and Technology Studies , 2008 .

[70]  H. Mackay,et al.  Extending the Social Shaping of Technology Approach: Ideology and Appropriation , 1992 .

[71]  Lois Ann Scheidt,et al.  Weblogs as a bridging genre , 2005, Inf. Technol. People.

[72]  Steve Woolgar,et al.  Virtual Society?: Technology, Cyberbole, Reality , 2002 .

[73]  Harold A. Innis,et al.  Empire and Communications , 1973 .

[74]  Madeleine Akrich,et al.  Les utilisateurs, acteurs de l'innovation , 2006 .

[75]  T. Pinch The Invisible Technologies of Goffman's Sociology From the Merry-Go-Round to the Internet , 2010 .

[76]  Tarleton Gillespie,et al.  Designed to ‘effectively frustrate’: copyright, technology and the agency of users , 2006, New Media Soc..

[77]  Emily Thompson,et al.  The Soundscape of Modernity: Architectural Acoustics and the Culture of Listening in America, 1900-1933 , 2003 .

[78]  T. P. Hughes,et al.  The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology , 1989 .

[79]  Kim Christian Schrøder Audience Semiotics, Interpretive Communities and the ‘Ethnographic Turn’ in Media Research , 1994 .

[80]  Carolyn R. Miller,et al.  Questions for genre theory from the blogosphere , 2009 .

[81]  Marshall McLuhan,et al.  Television: Technology and Cultural Form , 1978 .

[82]  D. Dayan The peculiar public of television , 2001 .

[83]  R. Silverstone,et al.  Consuming technologies : media and information in domestic spaces , 1993 .

[84]  E. Robson,et al.  Global Perspectives on Rural Childhood and Youth: Young Rural Lives , 2007 .

[85]  Paul M. Leonardi,et al.  Materiality and Change: Challenges to Building Better Theory about Technology and Organizing , 2008, Inf. Organ..

[86]  K. Jensen Media Convergence: The Three Degrees of Network, Mass and Interpersonal Communication , 2010 .

[87]  I. Hutchby Technologies, Texts and Affordances , 2001 .

[88]  Nick Couldry,et al.  Mediatization or mediation? Alternative understandings of the emergent space of digital storytelling , 2008, New Media Soc..

[89]  Gisle Hannemyr,et al.  The Internet as Hyperbole: A Critical Examination of Adoption Rates , 2003, Inf. Soc..

[90]  S. Fish Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities , 1983 .

[91]  Georgina Born,et al.  Logics of interdisciplinarity , 2008 .

[92]  M. Mcluhan The Gutenberg galaxy : the making of typographic man , 1963 .

[93]  Ronald R. Kline Consumers in the Country: Technology and Social Change in Rural America , 2000 .

[94]  Ron Eglash,et al.  Appropriating Technology: Vernacular Science And Social Power , 2004 .

[95]  P. Boczkowski Mutual Shaping of Users and Technologies in a National Virtual Community , 1999 .

[96]  Roger Silverstone,et al.  Domestic communication — technologies and meanings , 1990 .

[97]  Angharad N. Valdivia A companion to media studies , 2004 .

[98]  J. Meyrowitz,et al.  No sense of place : the impact of electronic media on social behavior , 1988 .

[99]  K. Jamieson,et al.  Deeds Done in Words: Presidential Rhetoric and the Genres of Governance , 1990 .

[100]  S. Livingstone,et al.  Handbook of new media : social shaping and social consequences of ICTs , 2006 .

[101]  Mustafa Emirbayer,et al.  What Is Agency?1 , 1998, American Journal of Sociology.

[102]  J. J. Gibson The theory of affordances , 1977 .

[103]  Maria Bakardjieva,et al.  Internet Society: The Internet in Everyday Life , 2005 .

[104]  Peter Lunt,et al.  Talk on Television: Audience Participation and Public Debate , 1993 .

[105]  N. Couldry,et al.  Media Consumption and Public Engagement: Beyond the Presumption of Attention , 2007 .

[106]  Shay David,et al.  Six degrees of reputation: The use and abuse of online review and recommendation systems , 2006, First Monday.

[107]  Matthew Fuller,et al.  Software Studies: a lexicon , 2008 .

[108]  T. Pinch,et al.  Users as Agents of Technological Change: The Social Construction of the Automobile in the Rural United States , 1996, Technology and Culture.

[109]  Ignacio Siles,et al.  From online filter to web format: Articulating materiality and meaning in the early history of blogs , 2011 .

[110]  S. Wyatt Non-users also matter: The construction of users and non-users of the Internet , 2003 .

[111]  S. Livingstone Making Sense of Television: The Psychology of Audience Interpretation , 1990 .

[112]  V. Mosco The political economy of communication : rethinking and renewal , 1996 .

[113]  S. Livingstone Audience research at the crossroads , 1998 .

[114]  A. Schutz The phenomenology of the social world , 1967 .

[115]  Carolyne Stanforth,et al.  Using Actor-Network Theory to Analyze E-Government Implementation in Developing Countries , 2007 .

[116]  Pablo J. Boczkowski,et al.  Digitizing the News: Innovation in Online Newspapers , 2004 .

[117]  L. Lievrouw,et al.  Bridging Communication Studies and Science and Technology Studies: Scholarship on Media and Information Technologies , 2007 .

[118]  J. Habermas Theory of Communicative Action , 1981 .

[119]  Trevor Pinch,et al.  Technology and institutions: living in a material world , 2008 .

[120]  S. Livingstone,et al.  Handbook of new media : social shaping and consequences of ICTs , 2002 .

[121]  P. Atkinson Handbook of ethnography , 2001 .

[122]  W. Orlikowski,et al.  Organizational discourse and new media: A practice perspective , 2004 .

[123]  J. Gamson Claims to Fame: Celebrity in Contemporary America , 1994 .

[124]  E. Katz,et al.  On the use of the mass media for important things. , 1973 .

[125]  David Morley,et al.  The Nationwide audience : structure and decoding , 1980 .

[126]  Dieter Stein,et al.  Genres in the Internet : issues in the theory of genre , 2009 .

[127]  N. Katherine Hayles My Mother Was a Computer: Digital Subjects and Literary Texts , 2005 .

[128]  N. K. Hayles,et al.  Writing Machines , 2002 .

[129]  Tania Modleski,et al.  Love's Labors@@@Loving with a Vengeance: Mass-Produced Fantasies for Women.@@@Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature. , 1985 .

[130]  D. Morley,et al.  Active Audience Theory: Pendulums and Pitfalls. , 1993 .

[131]  S. Bird The Audience in Everyday Life: Living in a Media World , 2003 .