Effect of Flow Velocity on Sediment Oxygen Demand: Theory

A model of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is presented that relates the SOD to flow velocity over the sediment. Previous analyses emphasize, almost exclusively, the relationship between SOD and sediment composition, i.e., their chemistry and biology. Herein a quantitative relationship is established between SOD and the velocity and dissolved oxygen concentration in the bulk water. Oxygen consumption in the sediment is expressed as the sum of biological consumption with Michaelis‐Menten kinetics, and the chemical consumption assumed to be a first order reaction of oxygen. At very low flow velocities, transport through the diffusive water boundary layer is the limiting factor of SOD, and SOD is expressed as a linear increasing function of velocity. On the other hand, when flow velocities are increased, SOD becomes independent of velocity, since the reactions in the sediment become rate‐limiting. The model also suggests that SOD is an increasing function of dissolved oxygen concentration in the water overlying...

[1]  B. B. Jørgensen,et al.  The sulfur cycle of a marine sediment model system , 1974 .

[2]  L E Cronin,et al.  Chesapeake Bay Anoxia: Origin, Development, and Significance , 1984, Science.

[3]  D. Bouldin.  Models for Describing the Diffusion of Oxygen and Other Mobile Constituents Across the Mud-Water Interface , 1968 .

[4]  Hanes Nb,et al.  New technique for measuring oxygen uptake rates of benthal systems. , 1968 .

[5]  M. Fishenden,et al.  An Introduction To Heat Transfer , 1950 .

[6]  B. Hargrave,et al.  Coupling Carbon Flow Through Some Pelagic and Benthic Communities , 1973 .

[7]  T. Dale.  Total, chemical and biological oxygen consumption of the sediments in Lindåspollence, Western Norway , 1978 .

[8]  H. Stefan,et al.  Oxygen Demand in Ice Covered Lakes as it Pertains to Winter Aeration , 1989 .

[9]  T. Belanger.  Benthic oxygen demand in Lake Apopka, Florida , 1981 .

[10]  R. W. Edwardś,et al.  OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF RIVER MUDS , 1965 .

[11]  N. M. Burns.  Oxygen Depletion in the Central and Eastern Basins of Lake Erie, 1970 , 1976 .

[12]  William J. Snodgrass,et al.  Model for Sediment Oxygen Demand in Lakes , 1986 .

[13]  D. A. Dawson,et al.  Mass transfer at rough surfaces , 1972 .

[14]  W. Boynton,et al.  Influence of water circulation rate on in situ measurements of benthic community respiration , 1981 .

[15]  Dominic M. DiToro,et al.  Sediment Oxygen Demand Model: Methane and Ammonia Oxidation , 1990 .

[16]  Thomas J. Hanratty,et al.  Turbulent mass transfer rates to a wall for large Schmidt numbers , 1977 .

[17]  B. Jørgensen,et al.  Diffusive boundary layers and the oxygen uptake of sediments and detritus1 , 1985 .

[18]  D. Haffner,et al.  Oxygen depletion of Hamilton Harbour , 1978 .

[19]  B. Jørgensen,et al.  The diffusive boundary layer of sediments: oxygen microgradients over a microbial mat. , 1990, Limnology and oceanography.

[20]  Heinz G. Stefan,et al.  Minlake: A dynamic lake water quality simulation model , 1988 .

[21]  J. Turner,et al.  Buoyancy Effects in Fluids , 1973 .

[22]  B. Jørgensen,et al.  Microstructure of diffusive boundary layers and the oxygen uptake of the sea floor , 1990, Nature.

[23]  R. Thomann,et al.  Principles of surface water quality modeling and control , 1987 .

[24]  Wun-cheng Wang.  Kinetics of sediment oxygen demand , 1981 .

[25]  E. Eckert,et al.  Analysis of heat and mass transfer , 1971 .

[26]  Robert E. Wilson,et al.  Fundamentals of momentum, heat, and mass transfer , 1969 .

[27]  J. Barica,et al.  Factors Controlling Oxygen Depletion in Ice-Covered Lakes , 1980 .

[28]  C. E. Zobell,et al.  Bacterial Utilization of Low Concentrations of Organic Matter , 1943, Journal of bacteriology.

[29]  R. G. Deissler,et al.  Analysis of heat transfer and fluid friction for fully developed turbulent flow of supercritical water with variable fluid properties in a smooth tube , 1953 .