Introduction to GIS-MCDA

This chapter discusses the main elements and concepts of MCDA. A number of approaches for defining decision problems have been suggested in the MCDA literature. At the most rudimentary level, a multi-criteria decision problem involves a set of alternatives that are evaluated on the basis of conflicting and incommensurate criteria according to the decision maker’s preferences. The main elements of any multicriteria decision problem includes: decision maker(s), alternatives, and criteria. The procedures for tackling multicriteria decision problems involve three main concepts: value scaling (or standardization), criterion weighting, and combination (decision) rule. These are fundamental concepts for MCDA in general and GIS-MCDA in particular. They can be considered as the building blocks of spatial decision support procedures. A number of approaches for defining decision problems have been suggested in the MCDA literature (e.g., Keeney 1992; Chankong and Haimes 1983). At the most rudimentary level, a multicriteria decision problem involves a set of alternatives that are evaluated on the basis of conflicting and incommensurate criteria according to the decision maker’s preferences. There are three key terms in this definition that are the main elements of any multicriteria decision problem: decision maker(s), alternatives, and criteria (Zarghami and Szidarovszky 2011).

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