Analytic Method for the Computation of the Total Harmonic Distortion by the Cauchy Method of Residues

The total harmonic distortion (THD) is an important performance criterion for almost any communication device. In most cases, the THD of a periodic signal, which has been processed in some way, is either measured directly or roughly estimated numerically, while analytic methods are employed only in a limited number of simple cases. However, the knowledge of the theoretical THD may be quite important for the conception and design of the communication equipment (e.g. transmitters, power amplifiers). The aim of this paper is to present a general theoretic approach, which permits to obtain an analytic closed-form expression for the THD. It is also shown that in some cases, an approximate analytic method, having good precision and being less sophisticated, may be developed. Finally, the mathematical technique, on which the proposed method is based, is described in the appendix.

[1]  G.B. Gharehpetian,et al.  Comparison of OMTHD and OHSW harmonic optimization techniques in multi-level voltage-source inverter with non-equal DC sources , 2007, 2007 7th Internatonal Conference on Power Electronics.

[2]  James S. Harris,et al.  Tables of integrals , 1998 .

[3]  M. Abramowitz,et al.  Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs and Mathematical Tables (National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics Series No. 55) , 1965 .

[4]  V. Pyati,et al.  Comment on "On the use of the Hilbert transform for processing measured CW data , 1993 .

[5]  E. N. An Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable , 1936, Nature.

[6]  W. Burnside Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable , 1893, Nature.

[7]  Dan Raphaeli,et al.  Series expansions for the distribution of noncentral indefinite quadratic forms in complex normal variables , 1995, Eighteenth Convention of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel.

[8]  Jin-Fu Chang,et al.  THE APPLICATION OF THE RESIDUE THEOREM TO THE STUDY OF A FINITE QUEUE WITH BATCH POISSON ARRIVALS AND SYNCHRONOUS SERVERS , 1984 .

[9]  J. H. PEARCE,et al.  Functions of a Complex Variable , 1947, Nature.

[10]  William F. Osgood Introduction to Infinite Series , 2018, Real Infinite Series.

[11]  Granino A. Korn,et al.  Mathematical handbook for scientists and engineers. Definitions, theorems, and formulas for reference and review , 1968 .

[12]  Granino A. Korn,et al.  Mathematical handbook for scientists and engineers , 1961 .

[13]  Daniel Zwillinger,et al.  CRC standard mathematical tables and formulae; 30th edition , 1995 .

[14]  Dr. M. G. Worster Methods of Mathematical Physics , 1947, Nature.

[15]  K. Knopp,et al.  Theory and Applications of Infinite Series , 1972 .

[16]  Siriroj Sirisukprasert,et al.  OPTIMIZED HARMONIC STEPPED-WAVEFORM FOR MULTILEVEL INVERTER , 1999 .

[17]  Chung-Ju Chang,et al.  Analysis of packet-switched data in a new basic rate user-network interface of ISDN , 1994, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[18]  D. F. Hays,et al.  Table of Integrals, Series, and Products , 1966 .

[19]  E. T. Copson,et al.  An introduction to the theory of functions of a complex variable , 1950 .

[20]  André I. Khuri,et al.  Infinite Sequences and Series , 2003 .

[21]  A. A. Wolf,et al.  Taylor-Cauchy Transforms for Analysis of a Class of Nonlinear Systems , 1960, Proceedings of the IRE.

[22]  H. Yoda,et al.  High Frequency Crystal Mechanical Filters , 1968 .

[23]  K. A. Semendyayev,et al.  Handbook of mathematics , 1985 .

[24]  R. A. Silverman,et al.  Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable , 1968 .

[25]  J. C. Hathaway,et al.  Survey of Mechanical Filters and Their Applications , 1957, Proceedings of the IRE.

[26]  I. G. Aramanovich,et al.  Functions of a Complex Variable Operational Calculus and Stability Theory , 1972 .

[27]  I. S. Gradshteyn,et al.  Table of Integrals, Series, and Products , 1976 .

[28]  F. V. Atkinson,et al.  The Riemann zeta-function , 1950 .

[29]  T. Kovari,et al.  A collection of problems on complex analysis , 1965 .

[30]  Andrea Baschirotto,et al.  Tunable BiCMOS continuous-time filter for high-frequency applications , 1992 .

[31]  Shu Hung Leung,et al.  Equal-gain performance of MDPSK in Nakagami fading and correlated Gaussian noise , 1999, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[32]  Claudio De Capua,et al.  A Smart THD Meter Performing an Original Uncertainty Evaluation Procedure , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[33]  Don L. Lundgren Electromechanical Filters for Single-Sideband Applications , 1956, Proceedings of the IRE.

[34]  C. V. Durell,et al.  Summation of Series. , 1925 .

[35]  Y. Baghzouz An accurate solution to line harmonic distortion produced by AC/DC converters with overlap and DC ripple , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[36]  H. R. Pitt Divergent Series , 1951, Nature.

[37]  A. A. Wolf,et al.  Laurent-Cauchy Transforms for Analysis of Linear Systems Described by Differential-Difference and Sum Equations , 1960, Proceedings of the IRE.

[38]  V. Smirnov,et al.  A course of higher mathematics , 1964 .

[39]  Philip M. Morse,et al.  Methods of Mathematical Physics , 1947, The Mathematical Gazette.

[40]  G. V. V. Sharma,et al.  Averaging Q(parXpar) for a complex circularly Gaussian random vector X : a novel approach , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[41]  Ru-Shan Chen,et al.  A New Method for Locating the Poles of Green's Functions in a Lossless or Lossy Multilayered Medium , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[42]  W. Beyer CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae , 1991 .

[43]  O. Conradi Determination of eigenmodes by using Cauchy's integral formula , 1998 .

[44]  R. C. Baker,et al.  THE THEORY OF THE RIEMANN ZETA‐FUNCTION (2nd edition) (Oxford Science Publications) , 1988 .

[45]  M. R. Spiegel Mathematical handbook of formulas and tables , 1968 .

[46]  T.M. Gruzs Uncertainties in compliance with harmonic current distortion limits in electric power systems , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[47]  Andrew Russell Forsyth Theory of functions of a complex variable , 1918 .

[48]  Zorana Popovic,et al.  The THD Characteristics of the Phase detector , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[49]  Yu. A. Brychkov,et al.  Integrals and series , 1992 .

[50]  Hakan Kuntman,et al.  Minimisation of total harmonic distortion in active-loaded differential BJT amplifiers , 1991 .

[51]  Thomas A. Lipo,et al.  Pulse Width Modulation for Power Converters: Principles and Practice , 2003 .

[52]  Dan Raphaeli,et al.  Series expansions for the distribution of noncentral indefinite quadratic forms in complex normal variables , 1995 .

[53]  W. P. Mason,et al.  New Low-Coefficient Synthetic Piezoelectric Crystals for Use in Filters and Oscillators , 1947, Proceedings of the IRE.

[54]  G. Baranenkov,et al.  Problems in mathematical analysis , 1964 .

[55]  N. Farokhnia,et al.  Comparison between approximate and accurate calculation of line voltage THD in multilevel inverters with unequal DC sources , 2010, 2010 5th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[56]  Holmes,et al.  Pulse width modulation for power converters , 2003 .

[57]  J. Barton Hoag Basic radio : the essentials of electron tubes and their circuits , 1942 .

[58]  Adel S. Sedra,et al.  Sine-wave generation using a high-order lowpass switched-capacitor filter , 1986 .

[59]  E. C. CHERRY Electronic Circuits and Tubes , 1948, Nature.

[60]  J. Conway,et al.  Functions of a Complex Variable , 1964 .

[61]  A. Eremenko,et al.  INFINITE SERIES , 2002 .

[62]  Bing-Fei Wu,et al.  A simplified approach to Bode's theorem for continuous-time and discrete-time systems , 1992 .

[63]  Henrik Sjöland,et al.  Intermodulation noise related to THD in wide-band amplifiers , 1997 .

[64]  Tian-Hua Liu,et al.  Optimum harmonic reduction with a wide range of modulation indexes for multilevel converters , 2002, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[65]  GeniusMoon About the series , 2009 .

[66]  E. V. D. Ouderaa,et al.  Some formulas and applications of nonuniform sampling of bandwidth-limited signals , 1988 .

[67]  D. R. Heath-Brown,et al.  The Theory of the Riemann Zeta-Function , 1987 .

[68]  G. M. An Introduction to the Theory of Infinite Series , 1908, Nature.

[69]  Ramon Pallas-Areny,et al.  On the zero- and first-order interpolation in synthesized sine waves for testing purposes , 1992 .

[70]  R. Saeks,et al.  The factorization problem—A survey , 1976, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[71]  James K. Cavers,et al.  Accurate error-rate calculations through the inversion of mixed characteristic functions , 2003, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[72]  J. Clunie Analytic Functions , 1962, Nature.

[73]  A. N. Tikhonov,et al.  The theory of functions of a complex variable , 1971 .

[74]  Gary M Miller,et al.  Modern Electronic Communication , 1978 .

[75]  R. R. Hall,et al.  AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF THE RIEMANN ZETA‐FUNCTION , 1989 .

[76]  Henrik Sjöland,et al.  Intermodulation noise related to THD in dynamic nonlinear wide-band amplifiers , 1998 .

[77]  Murray R. Spiegel Theory and problems of complex variables : with an introduction to conformal mapping and its applications SI (metric) edition / Murray R. Spiegel , 1981 .

[78]  N. W. McLachlan Complex Variable & Operational Calculus with Technical Applications , 2012 .

[79]  Ernesto Oscar Reyes,et al.  The Riemann zeta function , 2004 .

[80]  U. Tietze,et al.  Electronic circuits : design and applications , 1991 .

[81]  Leopoldo García Franquelo,et al.  A Flexible Selective Harmonic Mitigation Technique to Meet Grid Codes in Three-Level PWM Converters , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[82]  M. K. Fellah,et al.  Application of the Optimal Minimization of the Total Harmonic Distortion technique to the Multilevel Symmetrical Inverters and Study of its Performance in Comparison with the Selective Harmonic Elimination technique , 2006 .

[83]  J. Crank Tables of Integrals , 1962 .

[84]  Murray R. Spiegel,et al.  Schaum's outline of theory and problems of complex variables : with an introduction to conformal mapping and its applications , 1964 .

[85]  N. Temme Special Functions: An Introduction to the Classical Functions of Mathematical Physics , 1996 .

[86]  R.A. Johnson,et al.  III. Mechanical Filters and Resonators , 1974, IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics.

[87]  Joseph Sylvester Chang,et al.  THD of Closed-Loop Analog PWM Class-D Amplifiers , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[88]  E. C. Titchmarsh,et al.  The theory of functions , 1933 .