New knowledge is required to understand and resolve the unique Fusion Nuclear Science and Technology (FNST) issues and challenges for DT burning plasma devices and ultimately a fusion DEMO. This new knowledge can be partially acquired through new experiments in existing, upgraded and new laboratory test stands; new intensive theory, modeling, and high-speed computation simulation efforts; and testing in plasma and neutron sources. Such research will result in advances in many scientific areas related to FNST. There is no doubt that such an intensive R&D program is required to begin to rebuild lost or depleted US capabilities and human resources needed to advance FNST and fusion as an energy source.