There is a Need for Civil Systems Engineering in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

For many decades, each of the industries and domains that relied heavily on engineering such as electronics, mechanics, software, chemistry, and civil, had its own discipline. The engineers of each discipline evolved and gained experience in their respective specialization. But, in the early 1970s, the need arose to integrate the various engineering fields and even to bridge the gap between engineering, as a whole, and nonengineering systems. This phenomenon has its source in two opposing trends: on one hand, engineering disciplines were becoming more and more specialized; and on the other hand, the need for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary skills and methodologies are on the rise. The last trend is one of the sources for developing the discipline of systems engineering.