Panorama histórico y contrastivo de los estudios sobre lectura y escritura en educación superior publicados en América Latina

espanolLos estudios sobre lectura y escritura en educacion superior cuentan con al menos dos decadas de desarrollo en Latinoamerica. Sin embargo, aun son escasas las investigaciones sistematicas sobre la configuracion de este espacio disciplinar. Con el proposito de llenar este vacio, el presente articulo identifica continuidades y contrastes locales e historicos a partir de un conjunto de variables (autores, idiomas, focos, temas, orientaciones, niveles, areas, generos y tipos). Para ello, un equipo internacional analizo cualitativa y cuantitativamente 81 articulos sobre el tema aparecidos en los ultimos 15 anos en cuatro revistas de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Colombia consideradas lideres por la propia comunidad experta. Los resultados muestran una mayoria de articulos interesados en la investigacion empirica de la escritura, en la formacion de grado y el area de las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales, con foco en el articulo de investigacion, con autores internacionales pero publicados en espanol y portugues. Historicamente, desaparecio la lectura como competencia aislada y crecieron los enfoques hibridos y con mayor claridad epistemologica. Los contrastes regionales indican que la lectura y escritura son mayormente consideradas procesos educativos situados en la revista colombiana y discursos especializados en la argentina y chilena, con la brasilena entre medio. Ademas, los corpora brasileno y colombiano favorecen dinamicas de intercambio local mientras que los de Argentina y Chile presentan mas autores internacionales. Esta reflexion disciplinar sobre los estudios de la lectura y la escritura en Latinoamerica resulta de importancia cientifica, educativa y politica para su visibilizacion, validacion, institucionalizacion y expansion EnglishHigher education reading and writing studies have developed for at least two decades in Latin America. However, little systematic research reveals the emerging shape of this disciplinary space. To fill this gap, this article compares publications from different countries and moments based on the variables of authors, languages, focuses, topics, orientations, levels, areas, genres and types. An international team analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively 81 articles on reading and writing published during the last 15 years in four leading journals according to the expert community from Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia. Results show that most articles do empirical research on writing; they tend to study the development of undergraduate writing and prefer the Humanities and Social Sciences; they mostly focus on the research article; they are written by authors from various countries, in Spanish and Portuguese. From a historical point of view, reading as an isolated competence gradually disappeared and hybrid, epistemologically more explicit frameworks increased. Regional contrasts indicate that reading and writing are mostly understood as educationally situated processes in the Colombian journal and as specialized discourses in Argentinean and Chilean, with the Brazilian journal positioned in between. Furthermore, Brazilian and Colombian journals promote local researchers whereas Argentinean and Chilean offer more international authors. This disciplinary consideration on reading and writing studies in Latin America has scientific, educational and political relevance to foster disciplinary advance, validation, institutionalization and expansion

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