Résolution par satisfaction de contraintes appliquée à l'aide à la décision en conception architecturale. (Constraint satisfaction solving applied to decision support for embodiment design)

La conception architecturale de systemes mecaniques et energetiques permet d'etudier la faisabilite de concepts prealablement choisis pendant la phase de recherche de concepts. Elle fait partie de la phase de conception preliminaire et son achevement vise a definir l'architecture globale qui sera etudiee pendant la phase de conception detaillee d'un produit. Les principales caracteristiques d'un produit (dimensions, choix de composants, de formes, de topologies ou de materiaux) sont alors fondamentales a ce stade de la conception. La conception architecturale necessite aussi la prise en compte des comportements physiques et des interactions du produit, de ses composants et des milieux exterieurs, de criteres economiques, environnementaux, etc. suivant les exigences du cahier des charges fonctionnel. Le concepteur definit un modele mathematique exprimant cette connaissance liee au produit. Ce modele peut etre traite a l'aide d'un solveur de Problemes de Satisfaction de Contraintes numeriques (CSP). Ce type de solveur traite de maniere generique des problemes formules a l'aide de contraintes, de variables et de domaines. Nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes et de nouvelles heuristiques qui prennent en compte des besoins specifiques au concepteur en conception preliminaire, comme : la classification des variables, les precisions relatives aux valeurs de certaines variables, les contraintes par morceaux. Les etudes de faisabilite de plusieurs systemes mecaniques et energetiques ont ete realisees avec succes. Les nouveaux algorithmes ont permis de diminuer significativement les temps de calculs, mais ils ont aussi permis d'ameliorer la qualite des solutions calculees au regard des besoins du concepteur.

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