Evaluation of Resistance, Sinkage and Trim, Self Propulsion and Wave Pattern Predictions

In Chap. 2 results in several areas are discussed. Resistance predictions were requested for all three hulls and there is a large number of submissions. It is found that for grid sizes larger than 3M cells all submissions are within 4 % of the measured data. The mean comparison error (data-simulation) is only −0.1 % and the mean standard deviation is 2.1 % of the data value, excluding self-propelled cases for which the error is larger. There is no discernible effect of the turbulence model; two equation models work as well as the more advanced ones. Sinkage and trim exhibit large comparison errors for the smallest Froude numbers, but this is likely to be due to measurement inaccuracies. For Froude numbers above 0.2 the mean comparison error is around 4 % and the standard deviation 8–10 %. Self-propulsion results are reported with real operating propellers as well as modeled ones. For K T and K Q the mean comparison errors are 0.6 and − 2.6 % resp. The standard deviations are 7.0 and 6.0 % resp. Comparing actual and modeled propellers it is seen that the actual propeller has a much smaller mean standard deviation. For K T it is half, and for K Q it is only 1/3 of that of the modeled propeller. There is no clear advantage when it comes to comparison error, however. In general, the wave contour on the hull and at the wave cut closest to the hull is well predicted. Further away from the hull the results differ considerably between the methods. The best submissions for all three hulls capture all the features of the waves out to the edge of the measured region.

[1]  D. H. Kim,et al.  Measurement of flows around modern commercial ship models , 2001 .

[2]  Cheng Jian-long,et al.  Natural vegetation recovery on waste dump in opencast coalmine area , 2005, Journal of Forestry Research.

[3]  F. Stern,et al.  Phase-Averaged PIV for the Nominal Wake of a Surface Ship in Regular Head Waves , 2007 .

[4]  Luís Eça,et al.  CODE VERIFICATION, SOLUTION VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION IN RANS SOLVERS , 2010 .

[5]  H. Yoon Phase-averaged stereo-PIV flow field and force/moment/motion measurements for surface combatant in PMM maneuvers , 2009 .

[6]  Patrick J. Roache,et al.  Verification and Validation in Computational Science and Engineering , 1998 .

[7]  Riccardo Broglia,et al.  Experience from SIMMAN 2008—The First Workshop on Verification and Validation of Ship Maneuvering Simulation Methods , 2011 .

[8]  Suak-Ho Van,et al.  Wind tunnel tests on flow characteristics of the KRISO 3,600 TEU containership and 300K VLCC double-deck ship models , 2003 .

[9]  Volker Bertram,et al.  Benchmarking of computational fluid dynamics for ship flows: the Gothenburg 2000 workshop , 2003 .

[10]  T. Xing,et al.  Factors of Safety for Richardson Extrapolation , 2010 .

[11]  Frederick Stern,et al.  Towing Tank Experiments of Resistance, Sinkage and Trim, Boundary Layer, Wake, and Free Surface Flow Around a Naval Combatant Insean 2340 Model , 2001 .

[12]  Frederick Stern,et al.  EFD and CFD for KCS heaving and pitching in regular head waves , 2013 .

[13]  V. C. Patel,et al.  Proceedings of the 1990 SSPA-CTH-IIHR Workshop on Ship Viscous Flow, Research Report No 2, FLOWTECH International AB, 1991 , 1991 .

[14]  Frederick Stern,et al.  Uncertainty Assessment for Towing Tank Tests With Example for Surface Combatant DTMB Model 5415 , 2005 .

[15]  L. Zou,et al.  Verification and validation of CFD predictions for a manoeuvring tanker , 2010 .