APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL CAVITIES IN MODERN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses applications of optical cavities in modern atomic, molecular, and optical physics. For many contemporary physics experiments, the use of an optical cavity has become a powerful tool for enhancement in detection sensitivities, nonlinear interactions, and quantum dynamics. Indeed, an optical cavity allows one to extend the interaction length between matter and field, to build up the optical power, to impose a well-defined mode structure on the electromagnetic field, to enable extreme nonlinear optics, and to study manifestly quantum mechanical behavior associated with the modified vacuum structure and/or the large field associated with a single photon confined to a small volume. Experimental activities that have benefited from the use of optical cavities appear in such diverse areas as ultra-sensitive detection for classical laser spectroscopy, nonlinear optical devices, optical frequency metrology and precision measurement, and cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED). One of the important themes in laser spectroscopy is to utilize an extended interaction length between matter and field inside a high finesse cavity for increased detection sensitivity. Two key ingredients are needed to achieve the highest sensitivity possible in detection of atomic and molecular absorptions: enhancement of the absorption signal and elimination of technical noise. The chapter discusses exploration of quantum dynamics associated with the enhanced interaction between atoms and cavity field; where the structure of the cavity enables a large field amplitude associated with single intracavity photons, the system dynamics can become manifestly quantum and nonlinear.

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