Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index; CRP: C-reactive protein; γGT: γ-glutamyl- transferase; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; HOMA: Homeostasis Model Assessment; HOMA2-B: HOMA insulin secretion; HOMA2-S: HOMA insulin sensitivity; HPLC: high-pressure liquid chromatogr