A. functional MRI technique combining principles of echo‐shifting with a train of observations (PRESTO)

We present a fast MRI technique sensitized to microscopic susceptibility effects. The method combines elements of echo‐shifted gradient‐recalled MR imaging (TE > TR) with the acquisition of multiple k‐space lines within a single TR‐period. The sequence results in a much reduced imaging time as compared with conventional gradient‐echo MRI methods. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated for susceptibility bolus tracking in the cat brain using an imaging time of 153 ms. The relative cerebral blood volume maps created with this method are comparable with those obtained with conventional methods.

[1]  S. Kety,et al.  THE NITROUS OXIDE METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN MAN: THEORY, PROCEDURE AND NORMAL VALUES. , 1948, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[2]  Peter Mansfield,et al.  Planar spin imaging by NMR , 1976 .

[3]  Peter Mansfield,et al.  BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL IMAGING BY NMR , 1978 .

[4]  B. Rosen,et al.  Dynamic imaging with lanthanide chelates in normal brain: Contrast due to magnetic susceptibility effects , 1988, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[5]  D. Tank,et al.  Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  S. Riederer,et al.  Analysis of T2 limitations and off‐resonance effects on spatial resolution and artifacts in echo‐planar imaging , 1990, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[7]  S. Ogawa Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast-dependent oxygenation , 1990 .

[8]  J A Frank,et al.  Functional magnetic resonance imaging in medicine and physiology. , 1990, Science.

[9]  B. Rosen,et al.  Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by magnetic resonance imaging. , 1991, Science.

[10]  D. Feinberg,et al.  GRASE (Gradient‐and Spin‐Echo) imaging: A novel fast MRI technique , 1991, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[11]  R. Turner,et al.  Echo‐planar time course MRI of cat brain oxygenation changes , 1991, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[12]  Guoying Liu,et al.  A fast gradient‐recalled MRI technique with increased sensitivity to dynamic susceptibility effects , 1992, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[13]  R. Turner,et al.  Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  J. Frahm,et al.  Dynamic MR imaging of human brain oxygenation during rest and photic stimulation , 1992, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[15]  R. S. Hinks,et al.  Time course EPI of human brain function during task activation , 1992, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[16]  Ravi S. Menon,et al.  Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  R. Turner,et al.  Functional mapping of the human visual cortex at 4 and 1.5 tesla using deoxygenation contrast EPI , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[18]  T K Foo,et al.  Measurement of brain activity with bolus administration of contrast agent and gradient-echo MR imaging. , 1993, Radiology.

[19]  Guoying Liu,et al.  Fast echo‐shifted gradient‐recalled MRI: Combining a short repetition time with variable T2* weighting , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[20]  J. Frahm,et al.  Functional MRI of human brain activation at high spatial resolution , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.