RESEARCH ARTICLE Faunus { A Flexible Framework for Monte Carlo Simulation

Faunus is a set of building blocks or \statistical mechanical Lego" for constructing molecular simulation programs to study complex solutions including proteins, polymers, salts, phospholipid membranes, surfaces, and/or rigid macro-molecules. Current focus is on Metropolis Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms with support for anisotropic particles (multipolar, polarisable, sphero-cylindrical) and a exible Hamiltonian. The design is inherently modular and it is trivial to extend functionality to cover new interaction potentials, geometries or moves. In this paper we present basic features, C++ design principles, and review selected applications. The latter includes splined pair potentials, two-dimensional parallel tempering of protein mixtures, and MC swap moves for modelling ion specic eects without ions. programming.

[1]  Gerhard Hummer,et al.  Error and efficiency of replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. , 2009, The Journal of chemical physics.

[2]  Peter G. Bolhuis,et al.  Tracing the phase boundaries of hard spherocylinders , 1997 .

[3]  L. Onsager THE EFFECTS OF SHAPE ON THE INTERACTION OF COLLOIDAL PARTICLES , 1949 .

[4]  Mikael Lund,et al.  Fast Proton Titration Scheme for Multiscale Modeling of Protein Solutions. , 2010, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[5]  Michael R. Shirts,et al.  Replica exchange and expanded ensemble simulations as Gibbs sampling: simple improvements for enhanced mixing. , 2011, The Journal of chemical physics.

[6]  T. Schulthess,et al.  C++ and Generic Programming for Rapid Development of Monte Carlo Simulations , 2006 .

[7]  Mikael Lund,et al.  Solution electrostatics beyond pH: a coarse grained approach to ion specific interactions between macromolecules. , 2013, Faraday discussions.

[8]  Peter Gedeck,et al.  Multipole-Based Force Fields from ab Initio Interaction Energies and the Need for Jointly Refitting All Intermolecular Parameters. , 2013, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[9]  Andrei Alexandrescu,et al.  Modern C++ design: generic programming and design patterns applied , 2001 .

[10]  Margaret E. Johnson,et al.  Current status of the AMOEBA polarizable force field. , 2010, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[11]  Björn Persson,et al.  Faunus: An object oriented framework for molecular simulation , 2008, Source Code for Biology and Medicine.

[12]  Daan Frenkel,et al.  Relation between molecular shape and the morphology of self-assembling aggregates: a simulation study. , 2011, Biophysical journal.

[13]  Konrad Hinsen The molecular modeling toolkit: A new approach to molecular simulations , 2000 .

[14]  Diwakar Shukla,et al.  OpenMM 4: A Reusable, Extensible, Hardware Independent Library for High Performance Molecular Simulation. , 2013, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[15]  Wang,et al.  Replica Monte Carlo simulation of spin glasses. , 1986, Physical review letters.

[16]  Asbjørn Holt,et al.  Inclusion of the quadrupole moment when describing polarization. The effect of the dipole‐quadrupole polarizability , 2008, J. Comput. Chem..

[17]  S. Finet,et al.  The Hofmeister effect as seen by SAXS in protein solutions , 2004 .

[18]  N. Metropolis,et al.  Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines , 1953, Resonance.

[19]  W. Stockmayer Second Virial Coefficients of Polar Gases , 1941 .

[20]  Per-Olof Widmark,et al.  Conformational Properties and Apparent Dissociation-Constants of Titrating Polyelectrolytes - Monte-Carlo Simulation and Scaling Arguments , 1994 .

[21]  D. Theodorou,et al.  Atomistic Monte Carlo simulation of cis-1,4 polyisoprene melts. II. Parallel tempering end-bridging Monte Carlo simulations , 2001 .

[22]  Thomas Brandes,et al.  ESPResSo++: A modern multiscale simulation package for soft matter systems , 2013, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[23]  William C. Swope,et al.  The role of long ranged forces in determining the structure and properties of liquid water , 1983 .

[24]  J. Prausnitz,et al.  Monte Carlo simulations of hydrophobic weak polyelectrolytes: Titration properties and pH-induced structural transitions for polymers containing weak electrolytes , 1992 .

[25]  D. Frenkel,et al.  Understanding molecular simulation : from algorithms to applications. 2nd ed. , 2002 .

[26]  Mikael Lund,et al.  Anisotropic Interactions in Protein Mixtures: Self Assembly and Phase Behavior in Aqueous Solution. , 2012, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[27]  Solvent-free model for self-assembling fluid bilayer membranes: stabilization of the fluid phase based on broad attractive tail potentials. , 2005, The Journal of chemical physics.

[28]  Matthias Troyer,et al.  Parallel Object Oriented Monte Carlo Simulations , 1998, ISCOPE.

[29]  Michael W Deem,et al.  Parallel tempering: theory, applications, and new perspectives. , 2005, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.