Epidemiology of Cryptosporodiosis in Ruminant Species in Kebbi State , Nigeria

Background: The zoonotic, parasitic diarrhoea disease Cryptosporidiosis, is a major constraint to livestock production throughout the tropics and beyond. However, the risk factors in ruminant species have not been sufficiently established in Northern Nigeria. Methods/ procedure: A cross sectional study on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and the factors influencing its distribution in ruminant species was carried out in two communities in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Faecal specimens were examined for Cryptosporidium by formal-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Results and findings: A total of 900 ruminant species were tested, 178 (19.8%) were infected with Cryptosporidium. Prevalence in cattle was 28.0% (98/350), Goats 17.1% (46/260) and Sheep 11.7% (34/290). Age related differences in prevalence were observed among goats (P=0.029), sheep (P<0.001) and cattle (P<0.0001). However such variations were not gender related in Goats (P=0.658) and sheep (P=0.105) but was related in cattle (P=0.013). Logistic regression analysis showed that cattle were about three times prone to infection than sheep and goats (Odds Ratio =2.510, P-value=0.004, 95% Confidence Interval =1.6123.909), diarroeal ruminants were significantly prone to infection than healthy animals. Conclusion: Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants is high in Kebbi State. Calves and diarrhoea condition are significant factors in the spread among ruminants and probably humans. Improved management system and hygienic practices must be embraced and promoted by owners.

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