Long distance wireless sensor networks: simulation vs reality

Wireless sensor networks allow unprecedented abilities to observe and understand large-scale, real-world phenomena at a fine spatial-temporal resolution. Their application in Developing Countries is even more interesting: they can help solve problems that affect communities. One of the limitations of current wireless sensors is the communication range, with most devices having 100 meters as maximum limit. In contrast, many applications require long-range wireless sensor network where nodes are separated by large distances, giving the advantage of being able to monitor a vast geographic area. In this paper we will present the results of simulations and of experiments carried out using off-the-shelf equipment over distances ranging from 300m to 12km. The results show that long distance wireless sensor networks (LDWSN) are possible and that the quality of these links is high.