Chemically regenerative redox fuel cells

Exploratory experiments with three types of redox fuel cells utilizing the VO2+/VO2+-Sn2+/Sn4+, VO2+/VO2+-Fe2+/Fe3+ and VO2+/VO2+-Cu/Cu2+ redox couples are reported. The results show the major features and problems, and suggest possible solutions to some of the problems associated with operating redox fuel cells. In this phase of experimentation the best individual cell performances that were achieved showed that the VO2+/VO2+-Sn2+/Sn2+ redox cell had a power density of 0.049 W cm−2, the VO2+/VO2+-Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cell had a power density equal to 0.049 W cm−2 and the V2+/VO2+-Cu/Cu2+ redox fuel cell had a power density of 0.093 W cm−2.