Errors in visuo-haptic and haptic-haptic location matching are stable over long periods of time.

People make systematic errors when they move their unseen dominant hand to a visual target (visuo-haptic matching) or to their other unseen hand (haptic-haptic matching). Why they make such errors is still unknown. A key question in determining the reason is to what extent individual participants' errors are stable over time. To examine this, we developed a method to quantify the consistency. With this method, we studied the stability of systematic matching errors across time intervals of at least a month. Within this time period, individual subjects' matches were as consistent as one could expect on the basis of the variability in the individual participants' performance within each session. Thus individual participants make quite different systematic errors, but in similar circumstances they make the same errors across long periods of time.

[1]  Joseph McIntyre,et al.  Central Processes Amplify and Transform Anisotropies of the Visual System in a Test of Visual–Haptic Coordination , 2008, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[2]  Eli Brenner,et al.  Proprioceptive Localization of the Hand Changes When Skin Stretch around the Elbow Is Manipulated , 2016, Front. Psychol..

[3]  I. A. Kuling,et al.  Torques do not influence proprioceptive localization of the hand , 2014, Experimental Brain Research.

[4]  Eli Brenner,et al.  Sensory integration does not lead to sensory calibration , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[5]  Eli Brenner,et al.  Proprioception Is Robust under External Forces , 2013, PloS one.

[6]  Christopher A. Buneo,et al.  The Proprioceptive Map of the Arm Is Systematic and Stable, but Idiosyncratic , 2011, PloS one.

[7]  T S Wong,et al.  Dynamic properties of radial and tangential movements as determinants of the haptic horizontal--vertical illusion with an L figure. , 1977, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[8]  Philip N. Sabes,et al.  Calibration of visually guided reaching is driven by error-corrective learning and internal dynamics. , 2007, Journal of neurophysiology.

[9]  P. Haggard,et al.  The perceived position of the hand in space , 2000, Perception & psychophysics.

[10]  Astrid M. L. Kappers,et al.  Anisotropy in the Haptic Perception of Force Direction and Magnitude , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Haptics.

[11]  Philip N. Sabes,et al.  Flexible strategies for sensory integration during motor planning , 2005, Nature Neuroscience.

[12]  C. Hofsten,et al.  The integration of sensory information in the development of precise manual pointing , 1988, Neuropsychologia.

[13]  Eli Brenner,et al.  Proprioceptive Biases in Different Experimental Designs , 2014, EuroHaptics.

[14]  R. J. Beers,et al.  Motor Learning Is Optimally Tuned to the Properties of Motor Noise , 2009, Neuron.

[15]  J.B.J. Smeets,et al.  A new binocular cue for absolute distance: Disparity relative to the most distant structure , 2010, Vision Research.

[16]  J B J Smeets,et al.  Alignment to natural and imposed mismatches between the senses. , 2013, Journal of neurophysiology.

[17]  Anne C. Sittig,et al.  The precision of proprioceptive position sense , 1998, Experimental Brain Research.

[18]  Pierre-Michel Bernier,et al.  Evidence for distinct, differentially adaptable sensorimotor transformations for reaches to visual and proprioceptive targets. , 2007, Journal of neurophysiology.