Architecture Exploration of Real-Time Systems Based on Multi-objective Optimization

This article deals with real-time embedded system design and verification. Real-time embedded systems are frequently designed according to multi-tasking architectures that have timing constraints to meet. The design of real-time embedded systems expressed as a set of tasks raises a major challenge since designers have to decide how functions of the system must be assigned to tasks. Assigning each function to a different task will result in a high number of tasks, and then in higher preemption overhead. In contrast, mapping many functions on a limited number of tasks leads to a less flexible design which is more expensive to change when the functions of the system evolve. This article presents a method based on an optimization technique to investigate the assignment of functions to tasks. We propose a multi-objective evolution strategy formulation which both minimizes the number of preemptions and maximizes task laxities. Our method allows designers to explore the search space of all possible function to task assignments and to find good tradeoffs between the two optimization objectives among schedulable solutions. After explaining our mapping approach, we present a set of experiments which demonstrates its effectiveness for different system sizes.