Review of the technical bases of 40 CFR Part 190.

The dose limits for emissions from the nuclear fuel cycle were established by the Environmental Protection Agency in 40 CFR Part 190 in 1977. These limits were based on assumptions regarding the growth of nuclear power and the technical capabilities of decontamination systems as well as the then-current knowledge of atmospheric dispersion and the biological effects of ionizing radiation. In the more than thirty years since the adoption of the limits, much has changed with respect to the scale of nuclear energy deployment in the United States and the scientific knowledge associated with modeling health effects from radioactivity release. Sandia National Laboratories conducted a study to examine and understand the methodologies and technical bases of 40 CFR 190 and also to determine if the conclusions of the earlier work would be different today given the current projected growth of nuclear power and the advances in scientific understanding. This report documents the results of that work.

[1]  Jacolyn Dziuban.  RADIATION PROTECTION AT EPA: THE FIRST 30 YEARS , 2001 .

[2]  Ralph L. Keeney,et al.  Estimating Fatalities Induced by the Economic Costs of Regulations , 1997 .

[3]  Louis K. Wagner,et al.  Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation , 1994 .

[4]  H. Jackson.  The effects of low radiation doses. , 1969, South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde.

[5]  R. L. Kathren.  Guide to reducing radiation exposure to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) , 1980 .

[6]  Ian Hore-Lacy,et al.  HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY , 2007 .

[7]  J. Hendry,et al.  Radiobiology for the Radiologist , 1979, British Journal of Cancer.

[8]  André Aurengo,et al.  Dose-effect relationships and estimation of the carcinogenic effects of low doses of ionizing radiation , 2005 .

[9]  Raymond L. Murray.  The History of Nuclear Energy , 1980 .

[10]  G. Leopold.  The Federal Register. , 1979, Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU.

[11]  J. J. Mauro,et al.  Cost-benefit comparison of nuclear and nonnuclear health and safety protective measures and regulations , 1979 .

[12]  L. Sagan.  Human costs of nuclear power. , 1972, Science.

[13]  W. Kip Viscusi,et al.  How to value a life , 2008 .

[14]  M. E. Cunningham,et al.  Dry Storage Demonstration for High-Burnup Spent Nuclear Fuel-Feasibility Study , 2003 .

[15]  Tammy O. Tengs,et al.  Five-hundred life-saving interventions and their cost-effectiveness. , 1995, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.

[16]  L. Taylor,et al.  STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION. , 1970 .

[17]  R. Riley.  The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: 1980 , 1981 .

[18]  Standards,et al.  The effects on populations of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation : report of the advisory committee on the biological effects of ionizing radiation , 1972 .

[19]  E. N. Lawrence.  Clean Air Act , 1971, Nature.

[20]  D. Averbeck,et al.  Recent reports on the effect of low doses of ionizing radiation and its dose–effect relationship , 2006, Radiation and environmental biophysics.

[21]  Anthony Andrews.  Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing: U.S. Policy Development , 2008 .

[22]  P. Schonken,et al.  Health effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation , 1991 .

[23]  Washington.  Reassessment of NRC`s dollar per person-rem conversion factor policy , 1995 .

[24]  J. Valentin.  Protection of the public in situations of prolonged radiation exposure , 1999, Annals of the ICRP.

[25]  K. Mossman.  Permissible Dose: A History of Radiation Protection in the Twentieth Century, , 2001 .

[26]  Jacob Darwin Hamblin,et al.  Permissible Dose: A History of Radiation Protection in the Twentieth Century , 2000 .

[27]  End Use,et al.  International energy annual , 1993 .

[28]  W. Viscusi.  Fatal Tradeoffs: Public and Private Responsibilities for Risk , 1992 .

[29]  H. W. Dickson,et al.  What is ALARA , 1981 .

[30]  John D. Graham,et al.  Value of a Life: What Difference Does It Make?' , 1981 .