Doing social network ethics: a critical, interdisciplinary approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an inter-disciplinary approach to the ethics of social networking services (SNS) that connects critical analysis with the doing of ethics in terms of both pedagogic and technological practice. Design/methodology/approach Primarily conceptual and discursive, drawing on theoretical concepts from a broad, inter-disciplinary field. These concepts are integrated into a multi-dimensional framework that proceeds through four sequential stages: socio-economic, ethical, legal and practical/professional. Particular instances of SNS are used as illustrative examples. Findings The evaluation of ethical issues can be enriched by broader, holistic approaches that take account of the socio-economic, technical and legal contexts in which SNS technologies are designed, deployed and used. Inter-disciplinary approaches have the potential to generate new connections and possibilities for both the teaching and the professional practice of ethics. Practical implications Applied ethics are used to consider practical solutions that explore regulatory measures and envision alternative models of social networking. The approach proposed has practical value for teachers and students of computer ethics, as well as for IT practitioners. Originality/value This paper synthesises elements from media, communication and cultural studies, science and technology, information systems and computer science. The paper offers a strategy of inquiry to understand various aspects of SNS ethics – legal, socio-economic and technical. It presents a methodology for thinking about and doing ethics which can be used by IT practitioners.

[1]  H. Tavani,et al.  Ethics and technology : controversies, questions, and strategies for ethical computing , 2010 .

[2]  Guy Pujolle,et al.  A Survey on Identity Management for the Future Network , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[3]  Danah Boyd,et al.  Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship , 2007, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[4]  Bernd Carsten Stahl,et al.  From computer ethics to responsible research and innovation in ICT: The transition of reference discourses informing ethics-related research in information systems , 2014, Inf. Manag..

[5]  Alan Borning,et al.  Value Sensitive Design and Information Systems , 2020, The Ethics of Information Technologies.

[6]  Ben Light,et al.  Ethics and social networking sites: a disclosive analysis of Facebook , 2010, Inf. Technol. People.

[7]  Ira S. Rubinstein,et al.  Big Data: The End of Privacy or a New Beginning? , 2013 .

[8]  Geert Lovink,et al.  Networks Without a Cause: A Critique of Social Media , 2012 .

[9]  Zizi Papacharissi A Networked Self : Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites , 2010 .

[10]  J. Suler The Online Disinhibition Effect , 2004, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking.

[11]  Chris Peters,et al.  The daily you: How the new advertising industry is defining your identity and your worth , 2012, New Media Soc..

[12]  Maeve Duggan,et al.  Social Media Update 2016 , 2016 .

[13]  Gordon Hull,et al.  Successful failure: what Foucault can teach us about privacy self-management in a world of Facebook and big data , 2015, Ethics and Information Technology.

[14]  Robert W. Gehl,et al.  Reverse Engineering Social Media: Software, Culture, and Political Economy in New Media Capitalism , 2014 .

[15]  Helen Nissenbaum,et al.  Privacy in Context - Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life , 2009 .

[16]  R. Thaler,et al.  Choice Architecture , 2010 .

[17]  Sara Baase A Gift of Fire, Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in Computing , 2008 .

[18]  D. Lyon Surveillance Studies: An Overview , 2007 .

[19]  James H. Moor,et al.  What Is Computer Ethics?* , 1985, The Ethics of Information Technologies.

[20]  J. Habermas Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action , 1990 .

[21]  Stuart Hall,et al.  The rediscovery of ‘ideology’: return of the repressed in media studies , 2005 .

[22]  Mark Andrejevic,et al.  iSpy: Surveillance and Power in the Interactive Era , 2007 .

[23]  R. McChesney Be Realistic, Demand the Impossible: Three Radically Democratic Internet Policies , 2014 .

[24]  Brandt Dainow,et al.  Digital alienation as the foundation of online privacy concerns , 2016, SIGCAS Comput. Soc..

[25]  Catherine Tucker,et al.  Government Surveillance and Internet Search Behavior , 2017 .

[26]  Bernd Carsten Stahl,et al.  Information Systems: Critical Perspectives , 2008 .

[27]  Matthew Fuller,et al.  Software Studies: a lexicon , 2008 .

[28]  Volker Eisenlauer A Critical Hypertext Analysis of Social Media: The True Colours of Facebook , 2013 .

[29]  Ian Hutchby,et al.  Technologies, Texts and Affordances , 2001 .

[30]  J. Dijck The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media , 2013 .

[31]  A. Zwitter Big Data ethics , 2014, Big Data Soc..

[32]  George Reynolds Ethics in Information Technology , 2002 .

[33]  David R. Brake Sharing Our Lives Online , 2014 .

[34]  D. Boyd,et al.  CRITICAL QUESTIONS FOR BIG DATA , 2012 .

[35]  Simon Yuill,et al.  Capital experimentation with person/a formation: how Facebook's monetization refigures the relationship between property, personhood and protest , 2016 .

[36]  J. Burkell,et al.  Facebook: public space, or private space? , 2014 .

[37]  Mark Andrejevic Social network exploitation , 2010 .

[38]  Gregory J. Conti,et al.  Malicious interface design: exploiting the user , 2010, WWW '10.

[39]  C. Fuchs What Is Social Media , 2014 .

[40]  Neil Kenneth McBride,et al.  ACTIVE ethics: an information systems ethics for the internet age , 2014, J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc..

[41]  Celine Latulipe,et al.  Contextual gaps: privacy issues on Facebook , 2009, Ethics and Information Technology.

[42]  Mikko Tapani Karaiste Delete: The virtue of forgetting in the digital age , 2010 .

[43]  Burke T. Ward,et al.  Online Privacy Concerns Associated with Cookies, Flash Cookies, and Web Beacons , 2011 .

[44]  Martin H. Levinson Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other , 2011 .

[45]  Sherry Turkle,et al.  Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other , 2011 .

[46]  Herman T. Tavani Ethics and Technology , 2003 .

[47]  C. Fuchs Social Media: A Critical Introduction , 2013 .

[48]  Philip A.E. Brey,et al.  Values in Technology and Disclosive Computer Ethics. , 2010 .

[49]  Simon Jones,et al.  Doing the right thing: computer ethics pedagogy revisited , 2016, J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc..

[50]  M. J. Quinn Ethics for the Information Age , 2004 .

[51]  Soraya Mehdizadeh,et al.  Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook , 2010, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..