LASER-tissue interactions.

As new laser devices continue to emerge, it becomes increasingly important for the clinical dermatologist to understand the basic principles behind their operation. A fundamental understanding of how lasers interact with tissue will enable the physician to choose the most appropriate laser for a given clinical situation. Although the physical laws guiding laser design are vastly complex, the fundamental principles of laser-tissue interaction can be summarized as they are applicable to the clinician.

[1]  D. Goldberg,et al.  Non-ablative subsurface remodeling: clinical and histologic evaluation of a 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser. , 1999, Journal of cutaneous laser therapy.

[2]  S L Jacques,et al.  Melanosomes are a primary target of Q-switched ruby laser irradiation in guinea pig skin. , 1987, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[3]  D. Goldberg,et al.  Full-face nonablative dermal remodeling with a 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser. , 2000, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[4]  E. Tanzi,et al.  Treatment of Facial Rhytides With a Nonablative 1,450‐nm Diode Laser: A Controlled Clinical and Histologic Study , 2003, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[5]  J. Lagarde,et al.  Treatment of Wrinkles With the Nonablative 1,320-nm Nd:YAG Laser , 2001, Annals of plastic surgery.

[6]  B. Zelickson,et al.  Pulsed dye laser therapy for sun damaged skin , 1999, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[7]  J. Walsh,et al.  Pulsed CO2 laser tissue ablation: Measurement of the ablation rate , 1988, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[8]  D. Goldberg,et al.  Laser Skin Resurfacing with the Q‐switched Nd:YAG Laser , 1997, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[9]  David J Goldberg,et al.  Non‐ablative laser treatment of facial rhytides: A comparison of 1450‐nm diode laser treatment with dynamic cooling as opposed to treatment with dynamic cooling alone , 2002, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[10]  T J Flotte,et al.  Er:YAG laser ablation of tissue: Effect of pulse duration and tissue type on thermal damage , 1989, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[11]  C C Compton,et al.  Middermal wound healing. A comparison between dermatomal excision and pulsed carbon dioxide laser ablation. , 1992, Archives of dermatology.

[12]  B. Majaron,et al.  Nonablative laser and light rejuvenation: the newest approach to photodamaged skin. , 2001, Archives of facial plastic surgery.

[13]  H. Stringer,et al.  Shrinkage Temperature of Eye Collagen , 1964, Nature.

[14]  C Metzler,et al.  Skin resurfacing utilizing a low-fluence Nd:YAG laser. , 1999, Journal of cutaneous laser therapy.

[15]  Raimund Hibst,et al.  Effects of laser parameters on pulsed Er-YAG laser skin ablation , 1991, Lasers in Medical Science.

[16]  T. Alster Cutaneous resurfacing with CO2 and erbium: YAG lasers: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations. , 1999, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[17]  S. Iyer,et al.  A double-blind, side-by-side comparison study of low fluence long pulse dye laser to coolant treatment for wrinkling of the cheeks , 2001, Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology.

[18]  Leonard J. Bernstein,et al.  Cryogen spray cooling in combination with nonablative laser treatment of facial rhytides. , 1999, Archives of dermatology.

[19]  D J Goldberg,et al.  Histologic Evaluation of a Q‐Switched Nd: YAG Laser in the Nonablative Treatment of Wrinkles , 2001, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[20]  T. Alster,et al.  Comparison of four carbon dioxide resurfacing lasers. A clinical and histopathologic evaluation. , 1999, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[21]  R. Anderson,et al.  Light and electron microscopic analysis of tattoos treated by Q-switched ruby laser. , 1991, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[22]  R. R. Anderson Lasers in Dermatology—A Critical Update , 2000, The Journal of dermatology.

[23]  E. Tanzi,et al.  Lasers in dermatology: four decades of progress. , 2003, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[24]  P. Bitter,et al.  Noninvasive Rejuvenation of Photodamaged Skin Using Serial, Full‐Face Intense Pulsed Light Treatments , 2000, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[25]  J. Bryant Telepathology as a substitute for traditional glass slides in a pathology consultation practice. , 2002, Archives of Dermatology.

[26]  A. Welch,et al.  LASER THERMAL ABLATION , 1991, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[27]  S. Thomsen PATHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF PHOTOTHERMAL AND PHOTOMECHANICAL EFFECTS OF LASER–TISSUE INTERACTIONS , 1991, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[28]  E. Tanzi,et al.  Single‐Pass Carbon Dioxide Versus Multiple‐Pass Er: YAG Laser Skin Resurfacing A Comparison of Postoperative Wound Healing and Side‐Effect Rates , 2003, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[29]  J. Dover,et al.  Lasers in skin resurfacing. , 2000, The Australasian journal of dermatology.

[30]  A. Oseroff,et al.  Irradiation of pigmented melanoma cells with high intensity pulsed radiation generates acoustic waves and kills cells , 1990, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[31]  N. Nishioka,et al.  Pulsed carbon dioxide laser ablation of burned skin: In vitro and in vivo analysis , 1990, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[32]  B. Mikic,et al.  The effect of laser parameters on the zone of thermal injury produced by laser ablation of biological tissue. , 1994, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[33]  Marc Clement,et al.  Selective non-ablative wrinkle reduction by laser , 2000, Journal of cutaneous laser therapy.

[34]  T. Alster,et al.  Nonablative Laser Skin Resurfacing using a 1540 nm Erbium Glass Laser: A Clinical and Histologic Analysis , 2002, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[35]  S Mordon,et al.  In vivo experimental evaluation of skin remodeling by using an Er:Glass laser with contact cooling , 2000, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[36]  B. Katz,et al.  Lasers in dermatology: a review. , 2001, Cutis.

[37]  T. Alster,et al.  Histology of high-energy pulsed CO2 laser resurfacing. , 1996, Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery.

[38]  J. Dover,et al.  Selective photothermolysis of cutaneous pigmentation by Q-switched Nd: YAG laser pulses at 1064, 532, and 355 nm. , 1989, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[39]  K. Arndt,et al.  Basic laser principles. , 1997, Dermatologic clinics.

[40]  R. Anderson,et al.  The optics of human skin. , 1981, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[41]  D J Goldberg,et al.  Nonablative treatment of rhytids with intense pulsed light , 2000, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[42]  L. Reinisch Laser physics and tissue interactions. , 1996, Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.

[43]  Robert A Weiss,et al.  Short‐Term Histologic Effects of Nonablative Resurfacing: Results with a Dynamically Cooled Millisecond‐Domain 1320 nm Nd YAG Laser , 2002, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[44]  R. Hibst,et al.  Pulsed 2‐94‐μm erbium–YAG laser skin ablation—experimental results and first clinical application , 1990, Clinical and experimental dermatology.

[45]  M. Speyer,et al.  Cutaneous applications of lasers. , 1996, Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.

[46]  L. Reinisch,et al.  In vitro changes in non‐facial human skin following CO2 laser resurfacing: A comparison study , 1996, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[47]  E V Ross,et al.  Nonablative skin remodeling: Selective dermal heating with a mid‐infrared laser and contact cooling combination , 2000, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[48]  T. Alster,et al.  Are all infrared lasers equally effective in skin rejuvenation. , 2002, Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery.

[49]  Serge Mordon,et al.  Determination of Optimal Parameters for Laser for Nonablative Remodeling with a 1.54 μm Er: Glass Laser A Dose‐Response Study , 2002, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[50]  R.R. Anderson,et al.  Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. , 1983, Science.

[51]  S. Dahan,et al.  Nonablative Remodeling: Clinical, Histologic, Ultrasound Imaging, and Profilometric Evaluation of a 1540 nm Er:Glass Laser , 2001, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[52]  E. Ross,et al.  Nonablative laser skin remodeling. , 2002, Dermatologic clinics.

[53]  T. Alster,et al.  Clinical and histologic evaluation of six Erbium:YAG lasers for cutaneous resurfacing , 1999, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[54]  M. Trelles,et al.  Facial Rejuvenation with a Nonablative 1320 nm Nd:YAG Laser: A Preliminary Clinical and Histologic Evaluation , 2001, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].