Power Electronics Converters for an Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station with Energy Storage System and Renewable Energy Sources

Fast Charging Stations (FCS) are a key element for the wide spreading of Electric Vehicles (EVs), by reducing the charging time to a range between 20 to 40 minutes. However, the integration of FCS causes some adverse impacts on the Power Grid (PG), namely the huge increase in the peak demand during short periods of time. This paper addresses the design of power electronics converters for an EV DC FCS with local storage capability and easy interface of renewables. In the proposed architecture, the energy storage capability is used to smooth the peak power demand and contributes to stabilize the PG. When integrated in a smart grid, the proposed architecture may even return some of the stored energy back to the PG. The accomplishment of the aforementioned objectives requires a set of different power electronics converters, described and discussed along the paper. In order to demonstrate the potentialities of the proposed EV DC FCS architecture, four different case studies were analysed.

[1]  Sebastian Paul,et al.  Analysis of ageing inhomogeneities in lithium-ion battery systems , 2013 .

[2]  Alireza Khaligh,et al.  Electrification Potential Factor: Energy-Based Value Proposition Analysis of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[3]  Filipe Joel Soares,et al.  Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Electric Power System , 2011, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[4]  Optimal design of DC fast-charging stations for EVs in low voltage grids , 2017, 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC).

[5]  Lin Yang,et al.  Battery Management System for Electric Vehicle Application , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety.

[6]  Taskin Koçak,et al.  Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and Standards , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[7]  Sanzhong Bai,et al.  Unified Active Filter and Energy Storage System for an MW Electric Vehicle Charging Station , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[8]  P.L. Chapman,et al.  Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[9]  S Orts-Grau,et al.  Improved Shunt Active Power Compensator for IEEE Standard 1459 Compliance , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[10]  Marjan Gjelaj,et al.  DC Fast-charging stations for EVs controlled by a local battery storage in low voltage grids , 2017, 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech.

[11]  João Luiz Afonso,et al.  Operation Modes for the Electric Vehicle in Smart Grids and Smart Homes: Present and Proposed Modes , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[12]  Saifur Rahman,et al.  Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles and Demand Response With Customer Choice , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[13]  João Luiz Afonso,et al.  Onboard Reconfigurable Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles With Traction-to-Auxiliary Mode , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[14]  Kaushik Rajashekara,et al.  Present Status and Future Trends in Electric Vehicle Propulsion Technologies , 2013, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[15]  Mauricio Aredes,et al.  Analysis and Software Implementation of a Robust Synchronizing PLL Circuit Based on the pq Theory , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[16]  undefined Manoël Rekinger,et al.  Global Market Outlook for Solar Power 2015-2019 , 2014 .

[17]  Vitor Monteiro,et al.  Economic assessment of a public DC charging station for electric vehicles with load shift capability , 2017 .

[18]  João Luiz Afonso,et al.  Experimental Validation of a Three-Port Integrated Topology to Interface Electric Vehicles and Renewables With the Electrical Grid , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[19]  W. Choi,et al.  Optimal Charge Pattern for the High-Performance Multistage Constant Current Charge Method for the Li-Ion Batteries , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[20]  M. Vasiladiotis,et al.  Modular converter architecture for medium voltage ultra fast EV charging stations: Global system considerations , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference.

[21]  Cheddadi Youssef,et al.  A technological review on electric vehicle DC charging stations using photovoltaic sources , 2018 .

[22]  J. C. Aparicio Fernandes,et al.  Evaluation of the Introduction of Electric Vehicles in the Power Grid—A Study for the Island of Maio in Cape Verde , 2017 .

[23]  Kaushik Rajashekara,et al.  Power Electronics and Motor Drives in Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[24]  Thomas A. Lipo,et al.  On-line dead-time compensation technique for open-loop PWM-VSI drives , 1999 .

[25]  Roberto Roncella,et al.  Investigation of series-parallel connections of multi-module batteries for electrified vehicles , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC).