Are Toll-Like Receptors and Decoy Receptors Involved in the Immunopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus-Like Syndromes?

In this paper we focus our attention on the role of two families of receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLR) and decoy receptors (DcR) involved in the generation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus-like syndromes in human and mouse models. To date, these molecules were described in several autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipids syndrome, bowel inflammation, and SLE. Here, we summarize the findings of recent investigations on TLR and DcR and their role in the immunopathogenesis of the SLE.

[1]  P. van Erp,et al.  Foxp3+ regulatory T cells of psoriasis patients easily differentiate into IL-17A-producing cells and are found in lesional skin. , 2011, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[2]  A. Davidson,et al.  BAFF inhibition: a new class of drugs for the treatment of autoimmunity. , 2011, Experimental cell research.

[3]  T. Sparwasser,et al.  Activation of dendritic cells via TLR7 reduces Foxp3 expression and suppressive function in induced Tregs , 2011, European journal of immunology.

[4]  J. Moreau,et al.  Role for toll-like receptors in autoimmune disease: the example of systemic lupus erythematosus. , 2011, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[5]  J. Virchow,et al.  Differential development of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in Th1‐ and Th2‐like cytokine milieus , 2011, Allergy.

[6]  Ying C. Song,et al.  Transgenic overexpression of anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibody and activation of Toll-like receptor 4 in mice induce severe systemic lupus erythematosus syndromes. , 2010, Journal of autoimmunity.

[7]  P. Meroni,et al.  Updating on the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. , 2010, Autoimmunity reviews.

[8]  A. Farris,et al.  Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Treatment of SLE , 2010, Mediators of inflammation.

[9]  P. Miossec,et al.  Expression of Toll-like receptor 3 and Toll-like receptor 7 in muscle is characteristic of inflammatory myopathy and is differentially regulated by Th1 and Th17 cytokines. , 2010, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[10]  S. Cardell,et al.  Invariant NKT cells limit activation of autoreactive CD1d-positive B cells , 2010, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[11]  G. Sireci,et al.  Tuning inflammation in tuberculosis: the role of decoy receptors. , 2009, Microbes and infection.

[12]  D. Green,et al.  Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death , 2009, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[13]  P. Moingeon,et al.  Human Dendritic Cells Stimulated via TLR7 and/or TLR8 Induce the Sequential Production of Il-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17A by Naive CD4+ T Cells , 2009, The Journal of Immunology.

[14]  A. Mantovani,et al.  Role of the chemokine decoy receptor D6 in balancing inflammation, immune activation, and antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection , 2008, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[15]  R. Lechler,et al.  Natural regulatory T cells: number and function are normal in the majority of patients with lupus nephritis , 2008, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[16]  A. Marshak‐Rothstein,et al.  Toll-like receptors and innate immune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus , 2007, Arthritis research & therapy.

[17]  P. Moore,et al.  Overexpression of human decoy receptor 3 in mice results in a systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. , 2007, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[18]  C. Mackay,et al.  BAFF and MyD88 signals promote a lupuslike disease independent of T cells , 2007, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[19]  M. Cancro,et al.  TLR Stimulation Modifies BLyS Receptor Expression in Follicular and Marginal Zone B Cells1 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[20]  H. Anders,et al.  Inhibition of Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR-7) or TLR-7 plus TLR-9 attenuates glomerulonephritis and lung injury in experimental lupus. , 2007, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[21]  M. Harada,et al.  Protection against autoimmune nephritis in MyD88-deficient MRL/lpr mice. , 2007, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[22]  R. Medzhitov,et al.  TLR4 Up-Regulation at Protein or Gene Level Is Pathogenic for Lupus-Like Autoimmune Disease1 , 2006, The Journal of Immunology.

[23]  Adeeb H. Rahman,et al.  The role of toll-like receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus , 2006, Springer Seminars in Immunopathology.

[24]  J. Shupe,et al.  Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus. , 2006, Immunity.

[25]  S. Akira,et al.  Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity , 2006, Cell.

[26]  L. Joosten,et al.  Expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in rheumatoid synovial tissue and regulation by proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 via interferon-gamma. , 2004, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[27]  P. Moore,et al.  Clinical significance of detecting elevated serum DcR3/TR6/M68 in malignant tumor patients , 2003, International journal of cancer.

[28]  Guixiu Shi,et al.  DcR3/TR6 modulates immune cell interactions , 2003, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[29]  R. Gay,et al.  Expression and regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. , 2003, The American journal of pathology.

[30]  M Locati,et al.  Decoy receptors: a strategy to regulate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. , 2001, Trends in immunology.

[31]  P. Anderson,et al.  Death, autoantigen modifications, and tolerance , 2000, Arthritis research.

[32]  R. Voll,et al.  Impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cell material by monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. , 1998, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[33]  R. Hardy,et al.  Progenitors for Ly-1 B cells are distinct from progenitors for other B cells , 1985, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[34]  R. Voll,et al.  Clearance of apoptotic cells in human SLE. , 2006, Current directions in autoimmunity.