Global Tone: using tone to draw in Pen-and-Ink illustration

We present a new illustrating algorithm of global tone, enlightened by the skill called artistic tone. It is structure-aware and computationally driven by “visibility”, which refers to quantitatively measuring how visible a point (or a region) on a mesh is within a virtual camera space. The feature lines are sketched by silhouettes and/or suggestive contours, which then are enhanced by colorful inks, mimicking tonal values. To overcome that computing tone throughout surfaces is prohibitive, the global shape descriptor of Gaussian visibility is proposed, which is fast and robust such that the rendering pipeline is finished in real-time. The line drawings are largely improved as the descriptor enables our approach to convey more shape cues beyond shades. We demonstrated the plausibility of global tone with various models, showing that our experimental results are comparable to or better than state-of-the-art.

[1]  Aaron Hertzmann,et al.  Illustrating smooth surfaces , 2000, SIGGRAPH.

[2]  Elaine Cohen,et al.  A non-photorealistic lighting model for automatic technical illustration , 1998, SIGGRAPH.

[3]  Rubaiat Habib Kazi,et al.  Draco: bringing life to illustrations with kinetic textures , 2014, CHI.

[4]  Frédo Durand,et al.  Apparent ridges for line drawing , 2007, ACM Trans. Graph..

[5]  Kun Zhou,et al.  RenderAnts: interactive Reyes rendering on GPUs , 2009, SIGGRAPH 2009.

[6]  Kun Zhou,et al.  Real-time KD-tree construction on graphics hardware , 2008, SIGGRAPH 2008.

[7]  Chung-Ren Yan,et al.  Stylized Rendering Using Samples of a Painted Image , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[8]  Cewu Lu,et al.  Combining sketch and tone for pencil drawing production , 2012, NPAR '12.

[9]  H. Piaggio Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces , 1952, Nature.

[10]  Sophia Blau,et al.  Visual Motion Of Curves And Surfaces , 2016 .

[11]  Hans-Peter Seidel,et al.  Ridge-Valley Lines on Meshes via Implicit Surface Fitting , 2004 .

[12]  E. Zhang,et al.  Rotational symmetry field design on surfaces , 2007, SIGGRAPH 2007.

[13]  Mark Meyer,et al.  Discrete Differential-Geometry Operators for Triangulated 2-Manifolds , 2002, VisMath.

[14]  Bruce Gooch,et al.  Non-photorealistic rendering , 2001 .

[15]  Aaron Hertzmann,et al.  A survey of stroke-based rendering , 2003, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[16]  Philipp Slusallek,et al.  RPU: a programmable ray processing unit for realtime ray tracing , 2005, ACM Trans. Graph..

[17]  Hans-Peter Seidel,et al.  Fast and robust detection of crest lines on meshes , 2005, SPM '05.

[18]  Stuart Green Beyond Photorealism , 1999, Rendering Techniques.

[19]  Eugene Zhang,et al.  Visibility-guided simplification , 2002, IEEE Visualization, 2002. VIS 2002..

[20]  David Salesin,et al.  Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration , 1997, SIGGRAPH.

[21]  Jean Gallier,et al.  Geometric Methods and Applications: For Computer Science and Engineering , 2000 .

[22]  Adam Finkelstein,et al.  WYSIWYG NPR: drawing strokes directly on 3D models , 2002, SIGGRAPH.

[23]  Lee Markosian,et al.  Artistic silhouettes: a hybrid approach , 2000, NPAR '00.

[24]  Adam Finkelstein,et al.  Suggestive contours for conveying shape , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[25]  Szymon Rusinkiewicz,et al.  Estimating curvatures and their derivatives on triangle meshes , 2004, Proceedings. 2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, 2004. 3DPVT 2004..

[26]  Jieqing Feng,et al.  Perceptual-saliency extremum lines for 3D shape illustration , 2010, The Visual Computer.

[27]  Ligang Liu,et al.  Mesh saliency with global rarity , 2013, Graph. Model..

[28]  T. Banchoff,et al.  Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces , 2010 .

[29]  Adam Finkelstein,et al.  Line drawings from 3D models , 2005, SIGGRAPH '08.

[30]  Barbara J. Meier Painterly rendering for animation , 1996, SIGGRAPH.

[31]  S. Rusinkiewicz Estimating curvatures and their derivatives on triangle meshes , 2004 .

[32]  Shi-Min Hu,et al.  Global contrast based salient region detection , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[33]  David Salesin,et al.  Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[34]  Kun Zhou,et al.  RenderAnts: interactive Reyes rendering on GPUs , 2009, SIGGRAPH 2009.

[35]  Adam Finkelstein,et al.  How well do line drawings depict shape? , 2009, SIGGRAPH '09.

[36]  J. Wolfe,et al.  Guided Search 2.0 A revised model of visual search , 1994, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[37]  Philippe Decaudin,et al.  Cartoon-Looking Rendering of 3D-Scenes , 2003 .

[38]  Frédo Durand,et al.  A Survey of Visibility for Walkthrough Applications , 2003, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph..

[39]  Cynthia A. Brewer,et al.  ColorBrewer.org: An Online Tool for Selecting Colour Schemes for Maps , 2003 .

[40]  Arthur Appel,et al.  The notion of quantitative invisibility and the machine rendering of solids , 1967, ACM National Conference.

[41]  Joëlle Thollot,et al.  Automatic Pen-and-Ink Illustration of Tone, Gloss, And Texture , 2010 .

[42]  Takeo Igarashi,et al.  Vignette: interactive texture design and manipulation with freeform gestures for pen-and-ink illustration , 2012, CHI.

[43]  Derek Nowrouzezahrai,et al.  Learning hatching for pen-and-ink illustration of surfaces , 2012, TOGS.

[44]  Adam Finkelstein,et al.  Interactive rendering of suggestive contours with temporal coherence , 2004, NPAR '04.

[45]  Glen Van Brummelen,et al.  Heavenly Mathematics: The Forgotten Art of Spherical Trigonometry , 2012 .