Nickel/Copper nanoparticles modified TiO2 nanotubes for non-enzymatic glucose biosensors

Abstract Highly ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TiO 2 NTs) evenly modified by Ni–Cu nanoparticles were successfully prepared by potential step method. Their morphologies, structures, and alloy composition were characterized by FESEM, XRD and EDS, respectively. The as-prepared Ni–Cu/TiO 2 NTs electrodes were employed for non-enzymatic glucose detection in alkaline electrolyte and showed better electro-catalytic activity compared with Ni/TiO 2 NTs and Cu/TiO 2 NTs electrodes. Factors that affected the electrocatalysis of the electrodes were examined and optimized. Consequently, a sensitive amperometric electrode of glucose was achieved under 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl with a high sensitivity (1590.9 μA mM −1  cm −2 ), low detection limit (5 μM) and wide linear range from 10 μM to 3.2 mM ( R 2  = 0.993). Furthermore, the oxidable species such as ascorbic acid and uric acid showed no significant interference in determination of glucose. The experiment results revealed a very good reproducibility and high stability for the proposed Ni–Cu/TiO 2 NTs electrodes.

[1]  G. Cao,et al.  Ni nanoparticles decorated titania nanotube arrays as efficient nonenzymatic glucose sensor , 2012 .

[2]  Jian Jiang,et al.  Ni/Al layered double hydroxide nanosheet film grown directly on Ti substrate and its application for a nonenzymatic glucose sensor , 2010 .

[3]  P. Xiao,et al.  Preparation of Ni nanoparticle–TiO2 nanotube composite by pulse electrodeposition , 2009 .

[4]  T. Mallouk,et al.  Combinatorial discovery of alloy electrocatalysts for amperometric glucose sensors. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  Jing Luo,et al.  A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on Cu nanoparticle modified graphene sheets electrode. , 2012, Analytica chimica acta.

[6]  Sejin Park,et al.  Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[7]  Geoffrey Davies,et al.  Cu-Ni alloy formation by reduction in hydrogen of a polyheterometallic complex , 1988 .

[8]  T. Kuwana,et al.  Electrochemical detection of carbohydrates at nickel‐copper and nickel‐chromium‐iron alloy electrodes , 1993 .

[9]  K. Artyushkova,et al.  Structure-to-property relationships in fuel cell catalyst supports: Correlation of surface chemistry and morphology with oxidation resistance of carbon blacks , 2012 .

[10]  Sangyun Park,et al.  Nonenzymatic continuous glucose monitoring in human whole blood using electrified nanoporous Pt. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[11]  E. Yeager,et al.  Electrochemical Oxidation of Glucose on Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Gold Surfaces in Phosphate Buffer , 1996 .

[12]  S. Mahshid,et al.  Template-based electrodeposition of Pt/Ni nanowires and its catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation , 2011 .

[13]  J. R. Vilche,et al.  Rate Processes Related to the Hydrated Nickel Hydroxide Electrode in Alkaline Solutions , 1978 .

[14]  Richard G. Compton,et al.  Electrochemical Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensors: A Perspective and an Evaluation , 2010, International Journal of Electrochemical Science.

[15]  G. Botte,et al.  Nickel and cobalt bimetallic hydroxide catalysts for urea electro-oxidation , 2012 .

[16]  F. Forouzandeh,et al.  Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose on Ni and NiCu alloy modified glassy carbon electrode , 2009 .

[17]  W. Badawy,et al.  Effect of Ni content on the corrosion behavior of Cu–Ni alloys in neutral chloride solutions , 2005 .

[18]  Yang Liu,et al.  Self‐Organized TiO2 Nanotube Array Sensor for the Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand , 2008 .

[19]  R. Baldwin,et al.  Comparison of metallic electrodes for constant-potential amperometric detection of carbohydrates, amino acids and related compounds in flow systems , 1991 .

[20]  Kui Jiao,et al.  Flow-injection analysis of glucose without enzyme based on electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at a nickel electrode. , 2007, Talanta.

[21]  Weihua Tang,et al.  Morphology-controllable gold nanostructures on phosphorus doped diamond-like carbon surfaces and their electrocatalysis for glucose oxidation , 2012 .

[22]  Luyuan Zhang,et al.  Ti/TiO2 Nanotube Array/Ni Composite Electrodes for Nonenzymatic Amperometric Glucose Sensing , 2010 .

[23]  F. Forouzandeh,et al.  Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on Ni and NiCu alloy modified glassy carbon electrode , 2008 .

[24]  Yu Lei,et al.  Electrospun Co3O4 nanofibers for sensitive and selective glucose detection. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[25]  Á. Ríos,et al.  Kinetics of ion-pair extraction in continuous flow systems , 1989 .

[26]  Sejin Park,et al.  Nonenzymatic glucose detection using mesoporous platinum. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[27]  Jian-ming Hong,et al.  Honeycomb-like Ni@C composite nanostructures: synthesis, properties and applications in the detection of glucose and the removal of heavy-metal ions , 2010 .

[28]  In-Hyeong Yeo,et al.  Electrochemical response of small organic molecules at nickel–copper alloy electrodes , 2001 .

[29]  S. Golledge,et al.  A surface analytical examination of passive layers on CuNi alloys: Part I. Alkaline solution , 1996 .

[30]  J. Zen,et al.  Amperometric Determination of Sugars at Activated Barrel Plating Nickel Electrodes , 2008 .

[31]  Wenbo Song,et al.  Dendritic Bimetallic Nanostructures Supported on Self-Assembled Titanate Films for Sensor Application , 2010 .

[32]  Chao Yang,et al.  Performance of ethanol electro-oxidation on Ni–Cu alloy nanowires through composition modulation , 2008, Nanotechnology.

[33]  L. Cadús,et al.  Total oxidation of ethanol and propane over Mn-Cu mixed oxide catalysts , 2006 .

[34]  Jianbo Jia,et al.  Nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on graphene oxide and electrospun NiO nanofibers , 2012 .

[35]  Jianbin Zheng,et al.  A highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on nickel and multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanohybrid films fabricated by one-step co-electrodeposition in ionic liquids , 2012 .

[36]  Changqing Sun,et al.  Pt-Pb nanowire array electrode for enzyme-free glucose detection. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[37]  Pranjal Chandra,et al.  Application of a Cu–Co alloy dendrite on glucose and hydrogen peroxide sensors , 2012 .

[38]  Yu Lei,et al.  Ultrasensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose detection using copper nanowires. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[39]  Guo-Li Shen,et al.  A nano-Ni based ultrasensitive nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for glucose: enhancing sensitivity through a nanowire array strategy. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[40]  Katharina Kohse-Höinghaus,et al.  Nickel and Nickel-Based Nanoalloy Thin Films from Alcohol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition , 2010 .

[41]  Yu.B. Vassilyev,et al.  Kinetics and mechanism of glucose electrooxidation on different electrode-catalysts: Part I. Adsorption and oxidation on platinum , 1985 .

[42]  Teng Zhai,et al.  Free-standing nickel oxide nanoflake arrays: synthesis and application for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors. , 2012, Nanoscale.

[43]  R. Maboudian,et al.  Nonenzymatic glucose sensing based on deposited palladium nanoparticles on epoxy-silver electrodes , 2011 .

[44]  H. Hahn,et al.  Intense pulsed light induced platinum-gold alloy formation on carbon nanotubes for non-enzymatic glucose detection. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[45]  Ronghua Liu,et al.  A new method for fabricating a CuO/TiO2 nanotube arrays electrode and its application as a sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor. , 2011, Talanta.

[46]  E. J. Mittemeijer,et al.  Laser ablation deposition of Cu‐Ni and Ag‐Ni films: Nonconservation of alloy composition and film microstructure , 1994 .

[47]  Jian Jiang,et al.  Tailored Ni–Cu alloy hierarchical porous nanowire as a potential efficient catalyst for DMFCs , 2011 .