Volume dependence of the energy spectrum in massive quantum field theories

The low-lying energy values associated to energy eigenstates describing two stable particles enclosed in a (space-like) box of sizeL are shown to be expandable in an asymptotic power series of 1/L. The coefficients in these expansions are related to the appropriate elastic scattering amplitude in a simple and apparently universal manner. At low energies, the scattering amplitude can thus be determined, if an accurate calculation of two-particle energy values is possible (by numerical simulation, for example).

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