Management of pathogens in seed orchards and nurseries

The biology, damage and impact, and recent innovations in management of the major diseases affecting seed orchard trees and cones and forest nursery seedlings across Canada are discussed. Specific diseases covered are Armillaria root rot (A. ostoyae) and inland spruce cone rust (Chrysomyxa pirolata) in seed orchards, and damping-off and root rots, especially Cylindrocladium floridanum, and gray (Botrytis cinerea) and storage moulds of forest nursery seedlings. Areas needing research are also mentioned. Key words: Root rots, cone rust, damping-off, gray mould, storage moulds