Type VI Errors in Path Analysis: Testing for Interactions.

Given that theory is a crucial component of path analysis and that major theories in the social sciences either directly or by inference assume interaction, it appears that interaction has to be considered in path analytic models that reflect those theories. The use of interaction within the framework of path analytic methodology is investigated by sampling articles reporting the use of path analysis over the last 5 years. The Type VI error, the focus of the investigation, has been identified as the incorrect use of post hoc procedures and the examination of a research question using one or a limited number of designs, studies, or analyses. Fifty articles on path analysis were identified in the ERIC educational reference system. Of the 50, 19 did not test for interaction in any way, and they did not compare separate models. Twenty-six used a multiple model approach, although it was not made clear that the use of multiple models was a reflection of concern for possible interaction effects. In eight studies, analysis of variance was used prior to the inclusion of variables, and in some cases, interactions, in the model. Sixty-eight percent of the articles appeared not to consider interaction at all, even though it is fair to assume that interaction is implied or explicitly stated in the theories underlying all of the models tested. This suggests that Type VI errors are being made in a majority of studies using path analysis. An extensive table lists the articles reviewed and the methods they use. (Contains 49 references.) (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office ol Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) bis document has been reproduced as received from the person Or organization originating it CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of view of opinions stated in this doi.-.0 merit c10 not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ltifiwt 01)1A-vt-f 6,0 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." TYPE VI ERRORS IN PATH ANALYSIS: TESTING FOR INTERACTIONS Isadore Newman Gregory J. Marchant University of Akron Ball State University