Modeling the integrated mine-to-client supply chain: a survey

ABSTRACT Mining is an important economic activity and a highly complex industry. As such, it demands a complex supply chain to connect mines to clients, often involving railways, ports and long-distance maritime shipping. State-of-the-art optimization tools are an invaluable asset to help manage such a complex environment, which makes mining industry a very fertile ground for operational research applications. This paper aims to present a bibliographical review of published works involving operational research applications in the mining industry. We start by mapping applications within each isolated link of the chain. Then, we make inroads into the researches involving and connecting multiple links of the mining chain. Finally, we present summaries of our finding and pinpoint some directions for research opportunities in the mining industry.

[1]  Jean-Philippe P. Richard,et al.  A Two-Model Solution Approach for the Monthly Coal Train Reservations Planning Problem , 2016, Transp. Sci..

[2]  Xiaoxiao Li,et al.  Optimization for China’s coal flow based on matching supply and demand sides , 2018 .

[3]  Lou Caccetta,et al.  Equipment Selection for Surface Mining: A Review , 2014, Interfaces.

[4]  H. Askari-Nasab,et al.  A new model for automated pushback selection , 2020, Comput. Oper. Res..

[5]  Erkan Topal,et al.  Integrated short and medium term underground mine production scheduling , 2012 .

[6]  Salih Ramazan,et al.  Traditional and New MIP Models for Production Scheduling With In-Situ Grade Variability , 2004 .

[7]  Horacio J. Marquez,et al.  A stochastic optimization approach to mine truck allocation , 2005 .

[8]  Erkan Topal,et al.  Dynamic short term production scheduling and machine allocation in underground mining using mathematical programming , 2010 .

[9]  Yan-Fen Liao,et al.  New hybrid optimization model for power coal blending , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics.

[10]  J. Amaya,et al.  A scalable approach to optimal block scheduling , 2009 .

[11]  Reza Shakoor Shahabi,et al.  Cutoff grade optimization in open pit mines using genetic algorithm , 2017 .

[12]  Darwin Klingman,et al.  Integer Programming for Optimal Phosphate-Mining Strategies , 1988 .

[13]  Snehamoy Chatterjee,et al.  Production phase and ultimate pit limit design under commodity price uncertainty , 2016, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[14]  Johan W. Joubert,et al.  Scheduling at coal handling facilities using Simulated Annealing , 2008, Math. Methods Oper. Res..

[15]  H. Christopher Frey,et al.  Coal blending optimization under uncertainty , 1995 .

[16]  Roussos Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Simultaneous Stochastic Optimization of Mining Complexes and Mineral Value Chains , 2017, Mathematical Geosciences.

[17]  C. Dai,et al.  A simulation-based fuzzy possibilistic programming model for coal blending management with consideration of human health risk under uncertainty , 2014 .

[18]  Roussos Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Moving forward from traditional optimization: grade uncertainty and risk effects in open-pit design , 2002 .

[19]  Alexandra M. Newman,et al.  Optimizing the open pit-to-underground mining transition , 2017, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[20]  Roussos G. Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Global optimization of open pit mining complexes with uncertainty , 2016, Appl. Soft Comput..

[21]  Erkan Topal,et al.  A new algorithm for stope boundary optimization , 2010 .

[22]  Sven Schellenberg,et al.  Benchmarks for the Coal Processing and Blending Problem , 2016, GECCO.

[23]  Ü. Sakalli,et al.  Stochastic optimization for blending problem in brass casting industry , 2011, Ann. Oper. Res..

[24]  Alexandra M. Newman,et al.  Using aggregation to optimize long-term production planning at an underground mine , 2007, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[25]  Wilfred Candler,et al.  Coal blending - with acceptance sampling , 1989, Comput. Oper. Res..

[26]  Alexandra M. Newman,et al.  A sliding time window heuristic for open pit mine block sequencing , 2011, Optim. Lett..

[27]  Erkan Topal,et al.  A heuristic approach to optimal design of an underground mine stope layout , 2015, Appl. Soft Comput..

[28]  Amina Lamghari,et al.  Network-flow based algorithms for scheduling production in multi-processor open-pit mines accounting for metal uncertainty , 2013, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[29]  A. Arigoni.  Optimization techniques in coal markets: A global cost minimization and a multi-stage procurement strategy , 2016 .

[30]  Rajive Ganguli,et al.  A genetic algorithms approach for grade control planning in a bauxite deposit , 2005 .

[31]  Alexandra M. Newman,et al.  A Review of Operations Research in Mine Planning , 2010, Interfaces.

[32]  Parag C. Pendharkar,et al.  Nonlinear programming and genetic search application for production scheduling in coal mines , 2000, Ann. Oper. Res..

[33]  Yu Zhang,et al.  A dynamic optimization model of an integrated coal supply chain system and its application , 2009 .

[34]  Kjetil Fagerholt,et al.  Ship routing and scheduling in the new millennium , 2013, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[35]  Chia-Yon Chen,et al.  A cost minimization model for coal import strategy , 1996 .

[36]  Kjetil Fagerholt,et al.  Ship Routing and Scheduling: Status and Perspectives , 2004, Transp. Sci..

[37]  Qingcheng Zeng,et al.  Model Integrating Fleet Design and Ship Routing Problems for Coal Shipping , 2007, International Conference on Computational Science.

[38]  Erkan Topal,et al.  Optimising the long-term mine waste management and truck schedule in a large-scale open pit mine , 2016 .

[39]  M. Chakraborty,et al.  Multicriteria decision making for optimal blending for beneficiation of coal: a fuzzy programming approach , 2005 .

[40]  Stefan Voß,et al.  Container terminal operation and operations research - a classification and literature review , 2004, OR Spectr..

[41]  Tatsushi Nishi,et al.  Simultaneous Optimization of Storage Allocation and Routing Problems for Belt-conveyor Transportation , 2007 .

[42]  Claude-Guy Quimper,et al.  Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming , 2016, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[43]  M. Ataee-pour.  A Critical Survey of the Existing Stope Layout Optimization Techniques , 2005 .

[44]  Erkan Topal,et al.  Optimising the long term mine landform progression and truck hour schedule in a large scale open pit mine using mixed integer programming , 2014 .

[45]  Pourrahimian Yashar,et al.  A multi-step approach for block-cave production scheduling optimization , 2013 .

[46]  Roussos Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Globally optimising open-pit and underground mining operations under geological uncertainty , 2016 .

[47]  Alan T. Murray,et al.  HANDBOOK OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN NATURAL RESOURCES , 2007 .

[48]  Erkan Topal,et al.  Flexible open-pit mine design under uncertainty , 2011 .

[49]  Ümit Sami Sakalli,et al.  Strong guidance on mitigating the effects of uncertainties in the brass casting blending problem: a hybrid optimization approach , 2013, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[50]  Saeid Nahavandi,et al.  Complex Simulation of Stockyard Mining Operations , 2015 .

[51]  Jon C. Yingling,et al.  A review of computer-based truck dispatching strategies for surface mining operations , 1994 .

[52]  Angappa Gunasekaran,et al.  A goal programming model for the coal blending problem , 1995 .

[53]  Morteza Osanloo,et al.  A decision support system for determination of a sustainable pit limit , 2017 .

[54]  X. Xia,et al.  Modelling of coal trade process for the logistics enterprise and its optimisation with stochastic predictive control , 2016 .

[55]  Javad Sattarvand,et al.  Integrating geological uncertainty in long-term open pit mine production planning by ant colony optimization , 2016, Comput. Geosci..

[56]  Feng Gao,et al.  Purchasing and transport scheduling based on scenario tree in coal maritime supply chain with stochastic demand , 2014, Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.

[57]  R. Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Managing grade risk in stope design optimisation: probabilistic mathematical programming model and application in sublevel stoping , 2007 .

[58]  G. Belov,et al.  Exploration of models for a cargo assembly planning problem , 2015, 1504.00445.

[59]  Hanif D. Sherali,et al.  Models for a coal blending and distribution problem , 1993 .

[60]  Shamil Naoum,et al.  A hybrid knowledge base system and genetic algorithms for equipment selection , 2000 .

[61]  Eduardo Moreno,et al.  A New Algorithm for the Open-Pit Mine Production Scheduling Problem , 2012, Oper. Res..

[62]  Marcus Brazil,et al.  Optimisation in underground mining , 2007 .

[63]  R. V. Ramani,et al.  Generalized multiperiod MIP model for production scheduling and processing facilities selection and location , 1986 .

[64]  Roussos Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Conditional simulation algorithms for modelling orebody uncertainty in open pit optimisation , 1998 .

[65]  H Eivazy,et al.  A mixed integer linear programming model for short-term open pit mine production scheduling , 2012 .

[66]  Erhan Kozan,et al.  Operations research for mining : a classification and literature review , 2011 .

[67]  J. M. Henderson.  A Short-Run Model for the Coal Industry , 1955 .

[68]  Michel Gamache,et al.  An enumeration algorithm for solving the fleet management problem in underground mines , 2006, Comput. Oper. Res..

[69]  Saeid R. Dindarloo,et al.  A stochastic simulation framework for truck and shovel selection and sizing in open pit mines , 2015 .

[70]  Erhan Kozan,et al.  A new constraint programming approach for optimising a coal rail system , 2016, Optim. Lett..

[71]  A. Mehrez,et al.  A Production Problem in Phosphate Mining , 1985 .

[72]  Kwame Awuah-Offei,et al.  Large-scale open pit production scheduling using Mixed Integer Linear Programming , 2010 .

[73]  Jayendran Venkateswaran,et al.  Decentralised decision-making in a multi-party supply chain , 2016 .

[74]  Terry L. Esper,et al.  Supply Chain Management Strategy , 2010 .

[75]  Saibal Ray,et al.  Supply chain disruptions : theory and practice of managing risk , 2012 .

[76]  M. Govinda Raj,et al.  Production optimisation using simulation models in mines: a critical review , 2009 .

[77]  A. S. Nhleko,et al.  A review of underground stope boundary optimization algorithms , 2018 .

[78]  Martin W. P. Savelsbergh,et al.  Cargo assembly planning , 2015, EURO J. Transp. Logist..

[79]  R Mcnearny.  SIMULATION OF A CONVEYOR BELT NETWORK AT AN UNDERGROUND COAL MINE , 2000 .

[80]  Lou Caccetta,et al.  An Application of Branch and Cut to Open Pit Mine Scheduling , 2003, J. Glob. Optim..

[81]  C. Musingwini,et al.  Presidential address: Optimization in underground mine planning-developments and opportunities. , 2016 .

[82]  Dorit S. Hochbaum,et al.  Performance Analysis and Best Implementations of Old and New Algorithms for the Open-Pit Mining Problem , 2000, Oper. Res..

[83]  H. Askari-Nasab,et al.  Mixed integer linear programming formulations for open pit production scheduling , 2011 .

[84]  Amina Lamghari,et al.  A variable neighbourhood descent algorithm for the open-pit mine production scheduling problem with metal uncertainty , 2014, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[85]  Alexandra M. Newman,et al.  Linear models for stockpiling in open-pit mine production scheduling problems , 2017, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[86]  Horst A. Eiselt,et al.  A bibliography for some fundamental problem categories in discrete location science , 2008, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[87]  Stefan Voß,et al.  Operations research at container terminals: a literature update , 2007, OR Spectr..

[88]  Erkan Topal,et al.  A new MIP model for mine equipment scheduling by minimizing maintenance cost , 2010, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[89]  W. Matthew Carlyle,et al.  Underground Planning at Stillwater Mining Company , 2001, Interfaces.

[90]  Bruce W. Patty.  Handbook of operations research applications at railroads , 2015 .

[91]  Andreas T. Ernst,et al.  Rail schedule optimisation in the hunter valley coal chain , 2015, RAIRO Oper. Res..

[92]  Brenan J. McCarragher,et al.  A Queueing Model for the Design and Analysis of a Mining Stockyard , 1999, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[93]  Alfredo Candia-Véjar,et al.  A multi-objective optimization model for the design of an effective decarbonized supply chain in mining , 2017 .

[94]  Kjetil Fagerholt,et al.  Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Maritime inventory routing with multiple products : A case study from the cement industry , 2010 .

[95]  Peter J. Stuckey,et al.  Short-term planning for open pit mines: a review , 2019 .

[96]  Parag C. Pendharkar.  A fuzzy linear programming model for production planning in coal mines , 1997, Comput. Oper. Res..

[97]  Carsten Drebenstedt,et al.  Real options decision framework: Strategic operating policies for open pit mine planning , 2016 .

[98]  Guohe Huang,et al.  An Inexact Fuzzy Programming Approach for Power Coal Blending , 2015 .

[99]  Erhan Kozan,et al.  Optimising a coal rail network under capacity constraints , 2011 .

[100]  P. Benalcazar,et al.  The storage location problem in a coal supply chain: background and methodological approach , 2017 .

[101]  Erkan Topal,et al.  An investigation to integrate optimum long-term planning with short planning in underground mine production scheduling , 2010 .

[102]  James Mitchell Henderson.  The efficiency of the coal industry : an application of linear programming , 1958 .

[103]  Alexandra M. Newman,et al.  Operations research in the natural resource industry , 2012, Int. Trans. Oper. Res..

[104]  Luis Montiel,et al.  A heuristic approach for the stochastic optimization of mine production schedules , 2017, J. Heuristics.

[105]  Hanan Luss,et al.  Operations Research and Capacity Expansion Problems: A Survey , 1982, Oper. Res..

[106]  Diagnostische Kriterien des Frühdiabetes , 1968 .

[107]  David Avis,et al.  Optimized open pit mine design, pushbacks and the gap problem—a review , 2014, Journal of Mining Science.

[108]  L. Shih.  Planning of fuel coal imports using a mixed integer programming method , 1997 .

[109]  J. Elbrond,et al.  Truck dispatching in an open pit mine , 1989 .

[110]  Erkan Topal,et al.  Early start and late start algorithms to improve the solution time for long-term underground mine production scheduling , 2008 .

[111]  Rui-Jie Zhou,et al.  Joint capacity planning and distribution network optimization of coal supply chains under uncertainty , 2018 .

[112]  Arunachalam Ravindran,et al.  Optimal Location of Coal Blending Plants by Mixed-Integer Programming , 1980 .

[113]  Ngoc Luan Mai,et al.  A new risk-based optimisation method for the iron ore production scheduling using stochastic integer programming , 2019, Resources Policy.

[114]  J. Hyam Rubinstein,et al.  Combined optimisation of an open-pit mine outline and the transition depth to underground mining , 2018, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[115]  J. Benndorf.  Application of efficient methods of conditional simulation for optimising coal blending strategies in large continuous open pit mining operations , 2013 .

[116]  Snehamoy Chatterjee,et al.  Open-pit coal mine production sequencing incorporating grade blending and stockpiling options: An application from an Indian mine , 2017 .

[117]  Michel Gamache,et al.  A shortest-path algorithm for solving the fleet management problem in underground mines , 2005, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[118]  C. Fricke,et al.  Modeling the mining supply chain from mine to port: A combined optimization and simulation approach , 2011 .

[119]  Chiun-Ming Liu,et al.  A Blending and Inter-Modal Transportation Model for the Coal Distribution Problem , 2008 .

[120]  Subhash C. Sarin,et al.  The long-term mine production scheduling problem , 2005 .

[121]  John Hadjigeorgiou,et al.  Production scheduling optimization in open pit mines , 1993 .

[122]  Andrés Weintraub,et al.  A Priori and A Posteriori Aggregation Procedures to Reduce Model Size in MIP Mine Planning Models , 2008, Electron. Notes Discret. Math..

[123]  Andreas T. Ernst,et al.  Medium-Term Rail Scheduling for an Iron Ore Mining Company , 2014, Interfaces.

[124]  Geraldo Robson Mateus,et al.  Stochastic capacity planning and dynamic network design , 2013 .

[125]  J. Picard.  Maximal Closure of a Graph and Applications to Combinatorial Problems , 1976 .

[126]  Roussos Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Optimising a Mineral Supply Chain Under Uncertainty with Long-Term Sales Contracts , 2018 .

[127]  Andreas T. Ernst,et al.  A mixed integer programming model for long term capacity expansion planning: A case study from The Hunter Valley Coal Chain , 2012, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[128]  Renaud Chicoisne,et al.  A new algorithm for the open-pit mine scheduling problem , 2009 .

[129]  Roussos G. Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Stochastic short-term mine production schedule accounting for fleet allocation, operational considerations and blending restrictions , 2014, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[130]  Mohammad Ataei,et al.  Using equivalent grade factors to find the optimum cut-off grades of multiple metal deposits , 2003 .

[131]  Erhan Kozan,et al.  A demand-responsive decision support system for coal transportation , 2012, Decis. Support Syst..

[132]  Erkan Topal,et al.  Net present value maximization model for optimum cut-off grade policy of open pit mining operations , 2011 .

[133]  Amina Lamghari,et al.  A diversified Tabu search approach for the open-pit mine production scheduling problem with metal uncertainty , 2012, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[134]  Robert Underwood,et al.  A mathematical programming viewpoint for solving the ultimate pit problem , 1998, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[135]  Samuel Frimpong,et al.  Optimising design parameters of continuous mining transport systems using discrete event simulation , 2016 .

[136]  Jaap A. Ottjes,et al.  Belt conveyor network design using simulation , 2016, J. Simulation.

[137]  Louis Caccetta,et al.  Application of Optimisation Techniques in Open Pit Mining , 2007 .

[138]  Andreas Drexl,et al.  Facility location models for distribution system design , 2005, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[139]  Marta Monteiro da Costa Cruz,et al.  Simulation modelling of Vitória-Minas closed-loop rail network , 2015 .

[140]  Mohammad Waqar Ali Asad,et al.  Implementing a parametric maximum flow algorithm for optimal open pit mine design under uncertain supply and demand , 2013, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[141]  Mustafa Kumral,et al.  Dig-limits optimization through mixed-integer linear programming in open-pit mines , 2018, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[142]  Gaurav Singh,et al.  Distributed optimisation method for multi-resource constrained scheduling in coal supply chains , 2013 .

[143]  Peter J. Stuckey,et al.  Local Search for a Cargo Assembly Planning Problem , 2014, CPAIOR.

[144]  Geraldo Robson Mateus,et al.  Mathematical Models for Optimizing the Global Mining Supply Chain , 2010 .

[145]  A. Newman,et al.  Optimizing global thermal coal shipments , 2017 .

[146]  Fabiano Mezadre Pompermayer,et al.  Modelo integrado de apoio ao planejamento da rede de serviços no transporte ferroviário de cargas: aplicação para transporte de minério de ferro , 2010 .

[147]  Nikos Vagenas,et al.  Dispatch control of a fleet of remote-controlled/automatic load-haul-dump vehicles in underground mines , 1991 .

[148]  Martin W. P. Savelsbergh,et al.  Optimizing the Hunter Valley Coal Chain , 2012 .

[149]  Thys B Johnson,et al.  OPTIMUM OPEN PIT MINE PRODUCTION SCHEDULING , 1968 .

[150]  Atac Bascetin,et al.  Optimization of shovel-truck system for surface mining , 2009 .

[151]  Kadri Dagdelen,et al.  Optimal blending of mine production using goal programming and interactive graphics systems , 1995 .

[152]  Mohammad Waqar Ali Asad.  Optimum cut‐off grade policy for open pit mining operations through net present value algorithm considering metal price and cost escalation , 2007 .

[153]  Xiaoqiang Cai,et al.  A GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR RAILWAY SCHEDULING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS , 1997 .

[154]  R. A. Halatchev.  A model of discounted profit variation of open pit production sequencing optimization , 2005 .

[155]  Roussos Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Schedule-based pushback design within the stochastic optimisation framework , 2018 .

[156]  C. Fricke,et al.  Combining Optimisation and Simulation to Model a Supply Chain from Pit to Port , 2018 .

[157]  Mark Gershon,et al.  Optimal mine production scheduling: evaluation of large scale mathematical programming approaches , 1983 .

[158]  Mustafa Kumral.  Optimal location of a mine facility by genetic algorithms , 2004 .

[159]  M. Kumral.  Application of chance-constrained programming based on multi-objective simulated annealing to solve a mineral blending problem , 2003 .

[160]  L. M. Giannini.  Optimum design of open pit mines , 1991, Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society.

[161]  Abbas Aghajani Bazzazi,et al.  Cutoff grades optimization in open pit mines using meta-heuristic algorithms , 2019, Resources Policy.

[162]  Robert Underwood,et al.  A scheduling algorithm for open pit mines , 1996 .

[163]  Martin W. P. Savelsbergh,et al.  Improved stockyard management strategies for coal export terminal at Newcastle , 2011 .

[164]  John Doucette,et al.  A linear model for surface mining haul truck allocation incorporating shovel idle probabilities , 2013, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[165]  Saeid Nahavandi,et al.  An effective heuristic for stockyard planning and machinery scheduling at a coal handling facility , 2013, 2013 11th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN).

[166]  Behrooz Karimi,et al.  Long-term open pit mine production planning: a review of models and algorithms , 2008 .

[167]  L. Díaz.  Optimización de una red de transporte combinado para la exportación del carbón del interior de Colombia , 2011 .

[168]  Ümit Sami Sakalli,et al.  An optimization approach for brass casting blending problem under aletory and epistemic uncertainties , 2011 .

[169]  Luis Montiel,et al.  Optimizing mining complexes with multiple processing and transportation alternatives: An uncertainty-based approach , 2014, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[170]  Samuel R. Patterson,et al.  Energy efficient scheduling of open-pit coal mine trucks , 2017, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[171]  Chen Ming,et al.  Coal blending optimization of coal preparation production process based on improved GA , 2009 .

[172]  Erhan Kozan,et al.  Scheduling trains as a blocking parallel-machine job shop scheduling problem , 2009, Comput. Oper. Res..

[173]  Gordon H. Huang,et al.  Development of an inexact optimization model for coupled coal and power management in North China , 2009 .

[174]  Erkan Topal,et al.  A new mathematical programming model for production schedule optimization in underground mining operations , 2010 .

[175]  Jian-ping Liu,et al.  Open pit waste removal optimization through equipment fleet scheduling , 2017 .

[176]  Martin W. P. Savelsbergh,et al.  A stockyard planning problem , 2012, EURO J. Transp. Logist..

[177]  Erkan Topal,et al.  Mining truck scheduling with stochastic maintenance cost , 2012 .

[178]  G. Tzeng,et al.  Fuzzy bicriteria multi-index transportation problems for coal allocation planning of Taipower , 1996 .

[179]  H. Sherali,et al.  A coal shipping and blending problem for an electric utility company , 2000 .

[180]  H. Askari-Nasab,et al.  A linear programming model for long-term mine planning in the presence of grade uncertainty and a stockpile , 2014 .

[181]  Amina Lamghari,et al.  Progressive hedging applied as a metaheuristic to schedule production in open-pit mines accounting for reserve uncertainty , 2014, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[182]  Marcelo Moretti Fioroni,et al.  Simulation of continuous behavior using discrete tools: Ore conveyor transport , 2007, 2007 Winter Simulation Conference.

[183]  J. Balzary,et al.  Consideration for Multi-objective Metaheuristic Optimisation of Large Iron Ore and Coal Supply Chains, from Resource to Market , 2018 .

[184]  Andreas T. Ernst,et al.  Medium-term rail planning at Rio Tinto Iron Ore , 2011 .

[185]  E. Bakhtavar,et al.  Development of a scenario-based robust model for the optimal truck-shovel allocation in open-pit mining , 2020, Comput. Oper. Res..

[186]  R. Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  A maximum upside / minimum downside approach to the traditional optimization of open pit mine design , 2007 .

[187]  P. Alam.  ‘L’ , 2021, Composites Engineering: An A–Z Guide.

[188]  I. Dumitrescu,et al.  A Multistage Stochastic Programming Approach to Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling with Uncertain Geology , 2008 .

[189]  Morteza Paricheh,et al.  A simulation-based risk management approach to locating facilities in open-pit mines under price and grade uncertainties , 2018, Simul. Model. Pract. Theory.

[190]  Andreas T. Ernst,et al.  Integration of stockyard and rail network: a scheduling case study , 2004 .

[191]  Francisco Saldanha-da-Gama,et al.  Facility location and supply chain management - A review , 2009, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[192]  Gaurav Singh,et al.  A resource constrained scheduling problem with multiple independent producers and a single linking constraint: A coal supply chain example , 2014, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[193]  Michel Gamache,et al.  Overview of Solution Strategies Used in Truck Dispatching Systems for Open Pit Mines , 2001 .

[194]  Kjetil Fagerholt,et al.  Optimal fleet design in a ship routing problem , 1999 .