Systematic Framework for Sustainability Assessment of Biodiesel Production: Preliminary Engineering Stage

The continued increase of global energy demand, depletion of fossil fuel, and deteriorated environmental conditions have triggered the need to search for potential sources of renewable energy. Biodiesel has been widely recognized to have promising potential. Nonetheless, it is critical to ensure the sustainability of biodiesel production to protect humans and conserve the environment, while achieving economic viability. From the sustainability point of view, it would be more effective to promote the sustainability feature in a process during the design stage rather than at the latter operational stage due to reduced engineering effort and cost. In this paper, a systematic framework for sustainability assessment of biodiesel production pathways during preliminary engineering stage is developed. In preliminary engineering stage, the major process modules (unit operations) with their main process streams are conceptualized in a process flow diagram (PFD). With the PFD, the data on mass and energy balance als...

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