Building a Spatially-Embedded Network of Tourism Hotspots From Geotagged Social Media Data

The rapid development of social media and location-based service has generated a myriad of spatial data tagged with geo-information. Constructing a network of tourism hotspots using these geotagged data would improve our understanding of tourism activities. Thus, using Flickr data, we built a spatially-embedded tourism hotspot network for Beijing and applied complex network analysis to study the network characteristics. The results indicate that the tourism hotspot network in Beijing is scale-free and small-world. In the hotspot network, the interconnected triplets have a tendency to be formed by the edges with greater weight values, and a high-weighted edge is often connected by two high-degree vertices. Moreover, the statistics of the network provides insights for additional travel bus routes in Beijing. Finally, this paper provides a guide for building spatially-embedded hotspot networks based on geotagged social media data, which helps to understand the laws of travel and provides decision support for the development of tourism resources.

[1]  Xianjun Deng,et al.  Localized Confident Information Coverage Hole Detection in Internet of Things for Radioactive Pollution Monitoring , 2017, IEEE Access.

[2]  Jon M. Kleinberg,et al.  Mapping the world's photos , 2009, WWW '09.

[3]  Ravi Kumar,et al.  Structure and evolution of online social networks , 2006, KDD '06.

[4]  Damon Centola,et al.  The Spread of Behavior in an Online Social Network Experiment , 2010, Science.

[5]  U. Brandes A faster algorithm for betweenness centrality , 2001 .

[6]  Joshua Fogel,et al.  Internet social network communities: Risk taking, trust, and privacy concerns , 2009, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[7]  Zhikui Chen,et al.  A Distributed Weighted Possibilistic c-Means Algorithm for Clustering Incomplete Big Sensor Data , 2014, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[8]  Krishna P. Gummadi,et al.  Growth of the flickr social network , 2008, WOSN '08.

[9]  Ross Purves,et al.  Exploring place through user-generated content: Using Flickr tags to describe city cores , 2010, J. Spatial Inf. Sci..

[10]  Roger Guimerà,et al.  Module identification in bipartite and directed networks. , 2007, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[11]  Michael Batty,et al.  Detecting the dynamics of urban structure through spatial network analysis , 2014, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[12]  J.I.L. Miguens,et al.  Travel and tourism: Into a complex network , 2008, 0805.4490.

[13]  Laurence T. Yang,et al.  PPHOPCM: Privacy-Preserving High-Order Possibilistic c-Means Algorithm for Big Data Clustering with Cloud Computing , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Big Data.

[14]  A. Vespignani,et al.  The architecture of complex weighted networks. , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  Liu Yang,et al.  Quantifying Tourist Behavior Patterns by Travel Motifs and Geo-Tagged Photos from Flickr , 2017, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[16]  Guanrong Chen,et al.  Complex networks: small-world, scale-free and beyond , 2003 .

[17]  Krishna P. Gummadi,et al.  Measurement and analysis of online social networks , 2007, IMC '07.

[18]  Yong Gao,et al.  Uncovering Patterns of Inter-Urban Trip and Spatial Interaction from Social Media Check-In Data , 2013, PloS one.

[19]  M. Newman,et al.  Scientific collaboration networks. II. Shortest paths, weighted networks, and centrality. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[20]  David Knoke,et al.  Optimal connections: strength and distance in valued graphs , 2001, Soc. Networks.

[21]  Albert-László Barabási,et al.  Internet: Diameter of the World-Wide Web , 1999, Nature.

[22]  Melissa Wall,et al.  Online maps and minorities: Geotagging Thailand’s Muslims , 2012, New Media Soc..

[23]  Tore Opsahl,et al.  Clustering in weighted networks , 2009, Soc. Networks.

[24]  Zhou Huang,et al.  A Novel Popular Tourist Attraction Discovering Approach Based on Geo-Tagged Social Media Big Data , 2017, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[25]  John Skvoretz,et al.  Node centrality in weighted networks: Generalizing degree and shortest paths , 2010, Soc. Networks.

[26]  V Latora,et al.  Efficient behavior of small-world networks. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[27]  M E J Newman,et al.  Identity and Search in Social Networks , 2002, Science.

[28]  C. Leung,et al.  Weighted assortative and disassortative networks model , 2006, physics/0607134.

[29]  C. Cooper,et al.  Network Science , 2010 .

[30]  C. Lee Giles,et al.  Efficient identification of Web communities , 2000, KDD '00.

[31]  Fahui Wang,et al.  Exploring the network structure and nodal centrality of China , 2011 .

[32]  M E J Newman Assortative mixing in networks. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[33]  Edsger W. Dijkstra,et al.  A note on two problems in connexion with graphs , 1959, Numerische Mathematik.

[34]  V. Latora,et al.  Complex networks: Structure and dynamics , 2006 .

[35]  Sean Hughes,et al.  Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks , 2016 .

[36]  H E Stanley,et al.  Classes of small-world networks. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[37]  Matthew Zook,et al.  Beyond the geotag: situating ‘big data’ and leveraging the potential of the geoweb , 2013 .

[38]  W. Tobler A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region , 1970 .

[39]  Mark E. J. Newman,et al.  The Structure and Function of Complex Networks , 2003, SIAM Rev..

[40]  Rodolfo Baggio,et al.  Knowledge transfer in a tourism destination: the effects of a network structure , 2009, 0905.2734.

[41]  A. Barabasi,et al.  Scale-free characteristics of random networks: the topology of the world-wide web , 2000 .

[42]  Duncan J. Watts,et al.  Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks , 1998, Nature.