Fault-Tolerant Electrical Machines for Transport Applications

This paper provides an overview of-fault-tolerant electric machine for transport applications. A number of motor failure cases and methods to prevent or minimize their impact on the drive system are considered. The fault tolerance of bearings, stator and rotor windings are both analysed in detail. In addition, finite element simulations of an outer rotor permanent magnet machine with a power of 4.5 kW and rated speed of 12000 rpm have been carried out. To verify the simulation results, an experimental prototype of a 6-phase permanent magnet motor for aircraft fuel pump application was developed. It is shown that the use of 6-phase (and more phases) electrical machines with permanent magnets is more effective than machines with duplex three phase system in terms of fault tolerance and efficiency. In addition, it is shown that the use of bearingless machines with permanent magnets is one of the most promising technologies for providing of fault-tolerance.

[1]  Uhn Joo Na,et al.  Bidirectional homopolar magnetic bearings with fault tolerant capability , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems.

[2]  I. Villar,et al.  Improved analytical multiphysical modeling of a surface PMSM , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM).

[3]  Paul E. Allaire,et al.  Effect of Control Algorithms on Magnetic Journal Bearing Properties , 1986 .

[4]  Alan Palazzolo,et al.  Fault tolerance of magnetic bearings with material path reluctances and fringing factors , 2000 .

[5]  P. Sangha,et al.  The Analysis of Losses in High-Power Fault-Tolerant Machines for Aerospace Applications , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[6]  M. Combacau,et al.  Permanent magnets synchronous machines faults detection and identification , 2012, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[7]  Eric H. Maslen,et al.  Fault tolerance of magnetic bearings by generalized bias current linearization , 1995 .

[8]  Zhejie Liu,et al.  Determination of machine parameters for internal permanent magnet synchronous motors , 2004 .

[9]  Barrie Mecrow,et al.  Fault-tolerant permanent magnet machine drives , 1995 .

[10]  E.D. Ganev.  High-Performance Electric Drives for Aerospace More Electric Architectures Part I -- Electric Machines , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[11]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Multi-phase fault-tolerant brushless DC motor drives , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[12]  M.D. Noh,et al.  Design and implementation of a fault-tolerant magnetic bearing system for turbo-molecular vacuum pump , 2005, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[13]  Andrea Cavagnino,et al.  Control of Shaft-Line-Embedded Multiphase Starter/Generator for Aero-Engine , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[14]  Myounggyu Noh,et al.  Design of Fault-Tolerant Inductive Position Sensor , 2008 .

[15]  Barrie Mecrow,et al.  Operation of fault tolerant machines with winding failures , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record.

[16]  Ruslan D. Karimov,et al.  IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRICAL HIGH-RPM GENERATORS WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS AND TOOTH WINDING , 2018 .

[17]  A.G. Jack,et al.  Design and testing of a 4 phase fault tolerant permanent magnet machine for an engine fuel pump , 2003, IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2003. IEMDC'03..

[18]  M. Villani,et al.  Multi-phase permanent magnet motor drives for fault-tolerant applications , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC).

[19]  Alan Palazzolo,et al.  Bidirectional magnetic bearing with fault-tolerant capability , 2002, IECEC '02. 2002 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2002..

[20]  John James Anthony Cullen,et al.  Implications of shorted turn faults in bar wound PM machines , 2004 .

[21]  Nesimi Ertugrul.  Position estimation and performance prediction for permanent-magnet motor drives , 1993 .

[22]  A. Palazzolo,et al.  Fault-tolerant homopolar magnetic bearings , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[23]  Kan Liu,et al.  Parameter Estimation for Condition Monitoring of PMSM Stator Winding and Rotor Permanent Magnets , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[24]  Wenping Cao,et al.  Overview of Electric Motor Technologies Used for More Electric Aircraft (MEA) , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[25]  Peng Jingjing,et al.  Comparison of two different fault-tolerant switched reluctance machines for fuel pump drive in aircraft , 2009, 2009 IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

[26]  K. R. Bornstein.  Dynamic Load Capabilities of Active Electromagnetic Bearings , 1991 .

[27]  Kan Liu,et al.  Position-Offset-Based Parameter Estimation Using the Adaline NN for Condition Monitoring of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[28]  Barrie Mecrow,et al.  Operation of a fault tolerant PM drive for an aerospace fuel pump application , 1997 .

[29]  Eric H. Maslen,et al.  Fault tolerant magnetic bearings , 1999 .

[30]  Flyur R. Ismagilov,et al.  Multidisciplinary Design of Electrical Motors for Fuel Pumps of Perspective Aircrafts by Using Genetic Algorithms , 2018 .

[31]  Uhn Joo Na,et al.  Design of Flux Invariant, Fault Tolerant Homopolar Magnetic Bearings , 2006, 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference.

[32]  A. Tenconi,et al.  The safety critical electric machines and drives in the more electric aircraft: A survey , 2009, 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[33]  Alain Glumineau,et al.  An Adaptive Interconnected Observer for Sensorless Control of PM Synchronous Motors With Online Parameter Identification , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[34]  Alan Palazzolo,et al.  The Fault-Tolerant Control of Magnetic Bearings With Reduced Controller Outputs , 2001 .

[35]  Iqbal Husain,et al.  Online Parameter Estimation and Adaptive Control of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[36]  N. Ertugrul,et al.  Minimum torque ripple current control strategy in a dual fault tolerant PM AC motor drive , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[37]  B.C. Mecrow,et al.  Design and testing of a four-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet machine for an engine fuel pump , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[38]  Kan Liu,et al.  Online Estimation of the Rotor Flux Linkage and Voltage-Source Inverter Nonlinearity in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[39]  A. Traxler,et al.  Design and Application of a Magnetic Bearing for Vibration Control and Stabilization of a Flexible Rotor , 1989 .

[40]  N. Ertugrul,et al.  Fault tolerant motor drive system with redundancy for critical applications , 2002, 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37289).