Hospital Beds, Robot Priests and Huggables:: A (Fictional) Review of Commercially Available Care Robots

Taking a current critique of predominant visions of care robotics about 20 years into the future, in this paper, we imagine a world in which robotic technologies have become the predominant mode of care and outline how this came to be. Based on ethnographic experience in care homes and knowledge of robotics, we have developed fictional robots for possible future care scenarios. We describe six facets of caregiving that are rarely discussed in the current discourse about robots: recovery & rehabilitation, death & palliative care, bereavement & remembrance, growth & development, transcendent experiences and intimacy & sexuality. By doing so, we pose the question if and how we could integrate them into our view on technology in care. This fictional review highlights blind spots of current endeavors and thereby this paper contributes new directions for research and design.

[1]  Neal Wiggermann,et al.  Physical Stresses on Caregivers when Pulling Patients Up in Bed: Effect of Repositioning Aids and Patient Weight , 2019, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.

[2]  Tommy Chou,et al.  Multimedia Field Test: Evaluating the Creative Ambitions of SuperBetter and Its Quest to Gamify Mental Health , 2017 .

[3]  Daniel Pargman,et al.  The futures of computing and wisdom , 2018, NordiCHI.

[4]  James Auger,et al.  Speculative design: crafting the speculation , 2013, Digit. Creativity.

[5]  N. Sharkey,et al.  Granny and the robots: ethical issues in robot care for the elderly , 2012, Ethics and Information Technology.

[6]  Pat Treusch,et al.  Robotic Companionship : The Making of Anthropomatic Kitchen Robots in Queer Feminist Technoscience Perspective , 2015 .

[7]  Ana Viseu,et al.  The politics of care in technoscience , 2015, Social studies of science.

[8]  C. Victor,et al.  Age and loneliness in 25 European nations , 2011, Ageing and Society.

[9]  Sarah Grace Fields Incorporation of Generational Learning in Familiar Interfaces and Systems: A Design Fiction , 2016, GROUP.

[10]  Ben Kirman,et al.  The future of techno-disruption in gig economy workforces: challenging the dialogue with fictional abstracts , 2019, HTTF.

[11]  Elizabeth A. Buie,et al.  Spirituality: there's an app for that! (but not a lot of research) , 2013, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[12]  Joseph Lindley,et al.  Pushing the Limits of Design Fiction: The Case For Fictional Research Papers , 2016, CHI.

[13]  Trevor Pinch,et al.  How users matter : The co-construction of users and technologies , 2003 .

[14]  Louis Neven,et al.  'But obviously not for me': robots, laboratories and the defiant identity of elder test users. , 2010, Sociology of health & illness.

[15]  Virpi Roto,et al.  Eagons, exoskeletons and ecologies: on expressing and embodying fictions as workshop tasks , 2018, NordiCHI.

[16]  Benjamin Lipp,et al.  Analytik des Interfacing. Zur Materialität technologischer Verschaltung in prototypischen Milieus robotisierter Pflege , 2017 .

[17]  Peter C. Wright,et al.  The prayer companion: openness and specificity, materiality and spirituality , 2010, CHI.

[18]  Ben Kirman,et al.  CHI and the future robot enslavement of humankind: a retrospective , 2013, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[19]  J. G. Tanenbaum,et al.  Design fictional interactions , 2014, Interactions.

[20]  R. Rahimi,et al.  Smart Bandage for Monitoring and Treatment of Chronic Wounds. , 2018, Small.

[21]  Phoebe Sengers,et al.  Fit4life: the design of a persuasive technology promoting healthy behavior and ideal weight , 2011, CHI.

[22]  Richard Banks,et al.  HCI at the end of life: understanding death, dying, and the digital , 2010, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[23]  Robert Sparrow,et al.  Robots in aged care: a dystopian future? , 2016, AI & SOCIETY.

[24]  Miriam Sturdee,et al.  Design fiction as world building , 2017 .

[25]  Phoebe Sengers,et al.  Making by making strange: Defamiliarization and the design of domestic technologies , 2005, TCHI.

[26]  Norman Makoto Su,et al.  Mundanely miraculous: the robot in healthcare , 2014, NordiCHI.

[27]  María Puig de la Bellacasa Matters of care in technoscience: Assembling neglected things , 2011, Social studies of science.

[28]  Joseph Lindley,et al.  A pragmatics framework for design fiction , 2016 .

[29]  Katie A. Siek,et al.  Pt Viz: towards a wearable device for visualizing knee rehabilitation exercises , 2013, CHI.

[30]  Joseph Kaye,et al.  Sexual interactions: why we should talk about sex in HCI , 2006, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[31]  Mark Blythe,et al.  Research through design fiction: narrative in real and imaginary abstracts , 2014, CHI.

[32]  Alexander Peine,et al.  The rise of the “innosumer”—Rethinking older technology users , 2014 .

[33]  Pieter Jan Stappers,et al.  Probes, toolkits and prototypes: three approaches to making in codesigning , 2014 .

[34]  Anthony Dunne,et al.  Design Noir: The Secret Life of Electronic Objects , 2001 .

[35]  Kristine Holbø,et al.  Value biases of sensor-based assistive technology: case study of a GPS tracking system used in dementia care , 2012, DIS '12.

[36]  Shaowen Bardzell,et al.  How HCI talks about sexuality: discursive strategies, blind spots, and opportunities for future research , 2011, CHI.

[37]  Joseph Lindley,et al.  Game of Drones , 2015, CHI PLAY.

[38]  Anthony Dunne,et al.  Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming , 2013 .

[39]  Katie Brittain,et al.  An Age-Old Problem: Examining the Discourses of Ageing in HCI and Strategies for Future Research , 2015, TCHI.

[40]  Tim J. Chatterton,et al.  The future is already here , 2017, Interactions.

[41]  Elizabeth A. Buie Let Us Say What We Mean: Towards Operational Definitions for Techno-Spirituality Research , 2019, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[42]  Matt Malpass,et al.  Between Wit and Reason: Defining Associative, Speculative, and Critical Design in Practice , 2013 .

[43]  Silvia Coradeschi,et al.  A Review of Mobile Robotic Telepresence , 2013, Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[44]  Ian Yeoman Why Robots Won't Take over the World , 2009 .

[45]  Michael Massimi,et al.  Craving, creating, and constructing comfort: insights and opportunities for technology in hospice , 2014, CSCW.

[46]  Richmond Y. Wong,et al.  When BCIs have APIs: Design Fictions of Everyday Brain-Computer Interface Adoption , 2018, Conference on Designing Interactive Systems.

[47]  Sofia Reis,et al.  Prevalence of symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries related to the work of caregiver—case study of a social institution , 2016 .