Use of Isotonic Sodium Chloride Solution on Endotracheal Suctioning in Critically Ill Patients

Although suctioning is an important nursing intervention to facilitate the removal of secretions in the mechanically ventilated patient, it can increase arterial blood pressure and increased intracranial pressure. This can lead to complications which include hypoxemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, bronchospasm, atelectasis, nosocomial infection, increased vagal stimulation, and damage to the tracheobronchial tree. Critical care nurses should be aware of the possible negative effects when performing this intervention. Instillation of isotonic sodium chloride solution before endotracheal suctioning has been a widespread practice in critical care units for years. The purposes for using isotonic sodium chloride solution are to soften secretion, lubricate the suction catheter, stimulate a cough, and dilute secretions.