Preparation and catalytic properties of cationic and anionic clays

Abstract The structure, main properties and preparation methods of cationic and anionic clays are reviewed in light of the versatility and potential of these materials. Recently reported catalytic applications in some fields of high industrial and scientific relevance (organic or fine chemistry, environmental catalysis, etc.) are also summarized. Clays exhibit many profitable features (such as low cost, wide range of preparation variables, use in catalytic amounts, ease of set-up and work-up, gain in yield and/or selectivity, etc.) which may be useful tools in the move towards establishing environmentally friendly technologies. Furthermore, the preparation and properties of pillared layer cationic or anionic clays are also discussed, considering that the upgrading of these materials by the pillaring process opens new and interesting perspectives, on account also of possible shape selective effects.

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