A new graphical representation of water footprint pinch analysis for chemical processes

Water resource conservation and wastewater minimization are important strategies for the chemical industry. In this work, a graphical technique established for carbon footprint reduction is extended for the analysis of water footprint reduction. Similar to its original variant, this extended water footprint pinch analysis technique is based on the decomposition of total water footprint into external and internal footprint components. A case study on coal-to-methanol process is used to illustrate the proposed technique. Results show that water is mainly consumed in the utility processes and it is possible to achieve a goal for water saving of 16 %. Several practical water saving measurements are suggested to achieve the water reduction target.

[1]  Marian Trafczynski,et al.  Handbook of Process Integration (PI). Minimisation of Energy and Water Use, Waste and Emissions , 2015 .

[2]  Raymond R. Tan,et al.  A graphical representation of carbon footprint reduction for chemical processes , 2010 .

[3]  Martin John Atkins,et al.  Minimising carbon emissions and energy expended for electricity generation in New Zealand through to 2050 , 2014 .

[4]  U. V. Shenoy,et al.  Aggregate Planning in Supply Chains by Pinch Analysis , 2002 .

[5]  Denny K. S. Ng,et al.  The use of graphical pinch analysis for visualizing water footprint constraints in biofuel production , 2009 .

[6]  Denny K. S. Ng,et al.  Unified pinch approach for targeting of carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems with multiple time periods and regions , 2014 .

[7]  U. V. Shenoy,et al.  Targeting and design of energy allocation networks with carbon capture and storage , 2012 .

[8]  Santanu Bandyopadhyay,et al.  Design and optimization of isolated energy systems through pinch analysis , 2011 .

[9]  Arjen Ysbert Hoekstra,et al.  The water footprint of energy consumption: an assessment of water requirements of primary energy carriers , 2007 .

[10]  Wei Zhao,et al.  Coal chemical industry and its sustainable development in China , 2010 .

[11]  Robin Smith,et al.  Chemical Process: Design and Integration , 2005 .

[12]  Jiří Jaromír Klemeš,et al.  Minimising carbon footprint of regional biomass supply chains , 2010 .

[13]  Dominic C.Y. Foo,et al.  Pinch analysis approach to carbon-constrained energy sector planning , 2007 .

[14]  B. Linnhoff,et al.  The pinch design method for heat exchanger networks , 1983 .

[15]  Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi,et al.  Synthesis of mass exchange networks , 1989 .

[16]  Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi,et al.  New graphical tools for process changes via load shifting for hybrid power systems based on Power Pinch Analysis , 2013, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

[17]  Sandro Macchietto,et al.  SAHPPA: a novel power pinch analysis approach for the design of off-grid hybrid energy systems , 2013, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

[18]  A. Inaba,et al.  Comparison of “CO2 efficiency” between company and industry , 2005 .

[19]  Jiří Jaromír Klemeš,et al.  Objective dimensionality reduction method within multi-objective optimisation considering total footprints , 2014 .

[20]  U. V. Shenoy,et al.  Targeting and design of energy allocation networks for carbon emission reduction , 2010 .

[21]  Raymond R. Tan,et al.  Targeting for carbon sequestration retrofit planning in the power generation sector for multi-period problems , 2014 .

[22]  Dominic C.Y. Foo,et al.  Optimal energy planning models with carbon footprint constraints , 2010 .

[23]  Toshko Zhelev,et al.  Emissions targeting and planning: An application of CO2 emissions pinch analysis (CEPA) to the Irish electricity generation sector , 2008 .

[24]  Dominic C.Y. Foo,et al.  Process Integration for Resource Conservation , 2012 .

[25]  Santanu Bandyopadhyay,et al.  Emission constrained power system planning: a pinch analysis based study of Indian electricity sector , 2013, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

[26]  Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi,et al.  Sustainable Design Through Process Integration: Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement , 2011 .

[27]  Jiří Jaromír Klemeš,et al.  Process Intensification and Integration: an assessment , 2013, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

[28]  Jiří J. Klemeš,et al.  Handbook of Process Integration (PI) , 2013 .

[29]  Minshan Liu,et al.  Heat exchanger network synthesis based on environmental impact minimization , 2013, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

[30]  Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi,et al.  Targeting material reuse via property integration , 2005 .

[31]  Jiří Jaromír Klemeš,et al.  A Review of Footprint analysis tools for monitoring impacts on sustainability , 2012 .

[32]  Qian Yu.  Carbon emission pinch analysis for energy planning in chemical industrial park , 2009 .

[33]  Petar Sabev Varbanov,et al.  Process innovation through Integration approaches at multiple scales: a perspective , 2014, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

[34]  Martin John Atkins,et al.  CARBON EMISSIONS PINCH ANALYSIS (CEPA) FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTION IN THE NEW ZEALAND ELECTRICITY SECTOR , 2010 .

[35]  Pei Liu,et al.  A Supply Chain Based Assessment of Water Issues in the Coal Industry in China , 2012 .