Vertical tube air flows in the turbulent mixed convection regime calculated using a low-Reynolds-number k ~ ϵ model

Abstract Heat transfer to fluids flowing in vertical tubes under conditions of combined forced and free (‘mixed’) turbulent convection can exhibit marked departures from the case of purely forced convection. Significant impairment or enhancement of heat transfer can occur, depending upon flow orientation and the degree of buoyancy influence. A second important phenomenon arising in the ascending flow configuration is the occurrence of very long thermal-hydraulic development lengths. Calculations performed using a formulation of the Launder and Sharma low-Reynolds-number k ~ ϵ turbulence model for developing flow in a tube show close agreement with a range of experimental heat transfer data and flow profile measurements for air, major discrepancies occurring only in strongly buoyancy-influenced descending flow.

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