Trace-metal fronts in waters of the celtic sea

Les concentrations en metaux dissous (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd et Pb) ont ete mesurees le long de trois radiales s'etendant du plateau continental nord-europeen a la proche plaine abyssale. Tandis que ces concentrations ― a l'exception du nickel et du plomb ― augmentent toutes en direction du continent, les variations horizontales les plus importantes sont enregistrees en divers emplacements de la plate-forme continentale selon les phenomenes mis en jeu. Un premier type de discontinuite, observe en aout 1985, est lie a la presence d'un front cotier saisonnier (temperature et salinite) separant les eaux stratifiees de la Mer Celtique de celles bien brassees de la zone cotiere du Pays de Galles. En aout 1988, le gradient de salinite controle egalement la repartition de surface de ces metaux dans la zone de transition entre la Manche et la Mer Celtique: ainsi les variations observees en aout 1988 resultent-t-elles d'une rencontre, au milieu de la plate-forme continentale, entre l'eau de surface Nord-Atlantique et les eaux dessalees en provenance du continent. L'examen des profils verticaux du fer, manganese et cuivre etablis au travers du talus continental qui borde le Porcupine Seabight suggere un troisieme mode de formation possible de gradients metalliques cote-large. Dans ce dernier cas de figure, les donnees hydrologiques (T, S, t ) ne montrent aucun gradient et par consequent ne permettent pas d'expliquer l'ecart entre les valeurs relevees au-dessus de l'isobathe 600 m (Fe = 1,1±0,3 nM; Mn = 0,5±0,1 nM; Cu = 1,3±0,1 nM) et celles observees a la meme immersion en bordure du talus continental (Fe = 2,7±1,0 nM; Mn = 1,9±0,2 nM; Cu = 1,9±0,2 nM). Un relargage de ces elements par les sediments de la plate-forme continentale, suivant l'hypothese de Kremling (1983), doit etre invoque pour expliquer ces derniers resultats. Aucune des trois etudes ne permet de deceler une influence de l'activite du phytoplancton sur la repartition des metaux traces. Les repartitions obtenues en aout 1985 pour le manganese, le cobalt et le plomb sont neanmoins compatibles avec l'hypothese generale selon laquelle les mers epicontinentales font fonction de filtre vis-a-vis des apports continentaux a l'ocean (Martin et Windom, 1991)

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