Fast Design Optimization Method Utilizing a Combination of Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms for Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer Systems

Multiple parameters with large nonlinear characteristics must be considered simultaneously to design the coil dimensions of static inductive power transfer (SIPT) systems. The design of dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) systems is more challenging due to the large number of parameters needed to be considered. In the conventional artificial neural network (ANN)-based design approach, optimal coil dimensions are found using ANN that has learned the nonlinear characteristics between coil dimensions and magnetic characteristics using the finite element method (FEM). However, this approach requires a large amount of training data, and it is difficult to reach an optimum design if there are many design criteria. In order to overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a design optimization method using two approaches: improving the time efficiency of ANN training data collection by superposing the magnetic fields from the coils and improving the input value of ANN using a genetic algorithm. Design results predicted by the ANN are compared with FEM simulation, circuit simulations, and experimental results to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm. The FEM and circuit simulation results and the ANN prediction results match with errors of 10.2% or less for all design requirements. Experimental results are provided for a 3 kW DIPT system with four transmitter coils and an automated test rail. Comparison results between ANN predicted values and experimental values match with an error of less than 12.7%.

[1]  R. Zane,et al.  A New Design Optimization Method for Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer Systems utilizing a Neural Network , 2021, 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[2]  R. Zane,et al.  High-Resolution Design Optimization for IPT Including Stray Field and Coupling Coefficient , 2021, 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[3]  Vincenzo Cirimele,et al.  Analysis of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Systems Based on Behavioral Modeling of Mutual Inductance , 2021, Sustainability.

[4]  Hailong Zhang,et al.  An Efficiency Optimization-Based Asymmetric Tuning Method of Double-Sided LCC Compensated WPT System for Electric Vehicles , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[5]  Sumit Singh Chauhan,et al.  A review on genetic algorithm: past, present, and future , 2020, Multim. Tools Appl..

[6]  Thomas Guillod,et al.  Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based Fast and Accurate Inductor Modeling and Design , 2020, IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics.

[7]  K. Ngo,et al.  Circuit Models and Fast Optimization of Litz Shield for Inductive-Power-Transfer Coils , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[8]  Zhengyou He,et al.  Uniform Power IPT System With Three-Phase Transmitter and Bipolar Receiver for Dynamic Charging , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[9]  Thomas H. Bradley,et al.  Economic Viability and Environmental Impact of In-Motion Wireless Power Transfer , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.

[10]  Zhen Zhang,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer—An Overview , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  Hajime Igarashi,et al.  Fast 3-D Optimization of Magnetic Cores for Loss and Volume Reduction , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[12]  Van-Binh Vu,et al.  Implementation of the Constant Current and Constant Voltage Charge of Inductive Power Transfer Systems With the Double-Sided LCC Compensation Topology for Electric Vehicle Battery Charge Applications , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[13]  Ben Waterson,et al.  Potential of wireless power transfer for dynamic charging of electric vehicles , 2018, IET Intelligent Transport Systems.

[14]  Khai D. T. Ngo,et al.  A Fast Method to Optimize Efficiency and Stray Magnetic Field for Inductive-Power-Transfer Coils Using Lumped-Loops Model , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[15]  P. Balsara,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer for Vehicular Applications: Overview and Challenges , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.

[16]  Padmavathi Kora,et al.  Crossover Operators in Genetic Algorithms: A Review , 2017 .

[17]  Osama Mohammed,et al.  Modeling and Feasibility Analysis of Quasi-Dynamic WPT System for EV Applications , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.

[18]  K. Ngo,et al.  Synergetic optimization of efficiency and stray magnetic field for planar coils in inductive power transfer using matrix calculation , 2017, 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[19]  Johann W. Kolar,et al.  Comprehensive Evaluation of Rectangular and Double-D Coil Geometry for 50 kW/85 kHz IPT System , 2016, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[20]  Johann W. Kolar,et al.  Multi-Objective Optimization of 50 kW/85 kHz IPT System for Public Transport , 2016, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[21]  Chunting Chris Mi,et al.  Modern Advances in Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Roadway Powered Electric Vehicles , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[22]  Han Zhao,et al.  Comparison Study on SS and Double-Sided LCC Compensation Topologies for EV/PHEV Wireless Chargers , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[23]  Eun Suk Suh,et al.  System Architecture and Mathematical Models of Electric Transit Bus System Utilizing Wireless Power Transfer Technology , 2016, IEEE Systems Journal.

[24]  Grant A. Covic,et al.  Analysis of Coplanar Intermediate Coil Structures in Inductive Power Transfer Systems , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[25]  Chunting Chris Mi,et al.  A Double-Sided LCC Compensation Network and Its Tuning Method for Wireless Power Transfer , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[26]  Omer C. Onar,et al.  ORNL Experience and Challenges Facing Dynamic Wireless Power Charging of EV's , 2015, IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine.

[27]  Dariusz Czarkowski,et al.  A Novel Phase-Shift Control of Semibridgeless Active Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[28]  Jun-Young Lee,et al.  A Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer EV Charger Using Self-Resonant PWM , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[29]  Rui Chen,et al.  Modeling and Control of Series–Series Compensated Inductive Power Transfer System , 2015, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[30]  E. Waffenschmidt Homogeneous Magnetic Coupling for Free Positioning in an Inductive Wireless Power System , 2015, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[31]  Udaya K. Madawala,et al.  An Efficiency Optimization Scheme for Bidirectional Inductive Power Transfer Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[32]  D. M. Vilathgamuwa,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for Electric Vehicles (EVs)—Present and Future Trends , 2014 .

[33]  Hunter H. Wu,et al.  A High Efficiency 5 kW Inductive Charger for EVs Using Dual Side Control , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[34]  Donald McRobbie,et al.  Concerning guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (1 Hz-100 khz). , 2011, Health physics.

[35]  J.D. Lavers,et al.  Implementation of knowledge-based system for iron core inductor design , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[36]  Joarder Kamruzzaman,et al.  A note on activation function in multilayer feedforward learning , 2002, Proceedings of the 2002 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IJCNN'02 (Cat. No.02CH37290).

[37]  George J. Tsekouras,et al.  Neural network approach compared to sensitivity analysis based on finite element technique for optimization of permanent magnet generators , 2001 .

[38]  Michele Marchesi,et al.  A neural network model of parametric nonlinear hysteretic inductors , 1998 .

[39]  C. Visone,et al.  Magnetic hysteresis modeling via feed-forward neural networks , 1998 .

[40]  John H. Holland,et al.  Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence , 1992 .

[41]  Johann W. Kolar,et al.  Litz wire losses: Effects of twisting imperfections , 2017, 2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL).

[42]  F. Canales,et al.  Modeling and η-α-Pareto Optimization of Inductive Power Transfer Coils for Electric Vehicles , 2015 .

[43]  Udaya K. Madawala,et al.  A Power–Frequency Controller for Bidirectional Inductive Power Transfer Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.