Wheat Germ Cell‐Free Expression System for Protein Production

The Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics, in cooperation with Ehime University and CellFree Sciences, has developed a novel wheat germ cell‐free technology for the production of eukaryotic proteins. Protein production and purification are robust and scalable for high‐throughput applications. The protocols have been used to express and purify proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, human, mouse, rat and zebra fish. This unit describes expression and purification protocols for both small‐scale testing (microgram) and large‐scale production (milligram) of N‐His6‐ and N‐GST‐tagged proteins. The methods described in this unit can be used to produce both unlabeled and labeled proteins required for structure‐based determinations by NMR spectroscopy or X‐ray crystallography.

[1]  M. Maurizi Degradation in vitro of bacteriophage lambda N protein by Lon protease from Escherichia coli. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[2]  J-M Betton,et al.  Rapid translation system (RTS): a promising alternative for recombinant protein production. , 2003, Current protein & peptide science.

[3]  John L Markley,et al.  Cell-free protein production and labeling protocol for NMR-based structural proteomics , 2004, Nature Methods.

[4]  R. Wetzel,et al.  Inclusion body formation and protein stability in sequence variants of interleukin-1 beta. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[5]  T. Kigawa,et al.  Effects of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S12 mutations on cell-free protein synthesis. , 2004, European journal of biochemistry.

[6]  D. Wemmer,et al.  Protein Signal Assignments Using Specific Labeling and Cell-Free Synthesis , 2004, Journal of biomolecular NMR.

[7]  T. Sawasaki,et al.  Efficient synthesis of a disulfide-containing protein through a batch cell-free system from wheat germ. , 2003, European Journal of Biochemistry.

[8]  Yasuhiko Yoshida,et al.  Cell‐free production and stable‐isotope labeling of milligram quantities of proteins , 1999, FEBS letters.

[9]  J. Swartz,et al.  Enhancing multiple disulfide bonded protein folding in a cell‐free system , 2004, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[10]  W. Lubitz,et al.  Lysis of Escherichia coli by induction of cloned ϕX174 genes , 2004, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[11]  A. Goldberg,et al.  An increased content of protease La, the lon gene product, increases protein degradation and blocks growth in Escherichia coli. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[12]  W. Jahnke,et al.  Amino–acid-type selective isotope labeling of proteins expressed in Baculovirus-infected insect cells useful for NMR studies , 2003, Journal of biomolecular NMR.

[13]  Y. Matsuo,et al.  Structural genomics projects in Japan. , 2000, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology.

[14]  Dong-Myung Kim,et al.  Prolonging Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis by Selective Reagent Additions , 2000, Biotechnology progress.

[15]  T. Sawasaki,et al.  A wheat germ cell‐free system is a novel way to screen protein folding and function , 2003, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[16]  S.J.Higgins,et al.  Protein Expression A Practical Approach , 2004 .

[17]  T. Holak,et al.  A novel medium for expression of proteins selectively labeled with 15N-amino acids in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells , 2003, Journal of Biomolecular NMR.

[18]  W. Lubitz,et al.  Lysis of Escherichia coli by induction of cloned phi X174 genes. , 1982, Molecular & general genetics : MGG.

[19]  P. Curmi,et al.  Dictyostelium discoideum as expression host: isotopic labeling of a recombinant glycoprotein for NMR studies. , 2000, Protein expression and purification.

[20]  Y Endo,et al.  A highly efficient and robust cell-free protein synthesis system prepared from wheat embryos: plants apparently contain a suicide system directed at ribosomes. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[21]  N. Dixon,et al.  NMR analysis of in vitro‐synthesized proteins without purification: a high‐throughput approach , 2002, FEBS letters.

[22]  Tomio Ogasawara,et al.  A cell-free protein synthesis system for high-throughput proteomics , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[23]  Tomio Ogasawara,et al.  A bilayer cell‐free protein synthesis system for high‐throughput screening of gene products , 2002, FEBS letters.

[24]  T. Kigawa,et al.  [High-throughput cell-free protein expression system for structural genomics and proteomics studies]. , 2002, Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme.

[25]  G. Phillips,et al.  Comparison of cell‐based and cell‐free protocols for producing target proteins from the Arabidopsis thaliana genome for structural studies , 2005, Proteins.

[26]  T. Kigawa,et al.  Cell-free synthesis and amino acid-selective stable isotope labeling of proteins for NMR analysis , 1995, Journal of biomolecular NMR.

[27]  Heinz Rüterjans,et al.  High level cell-free expression and specific labeling of integral membrane proteins. , 2004, European journal of biochemistry.

[28]  T. Torizawa,et al.  [Recent developments in NMR methods for structural biology]. , 2002, Seikagaku. The Journal of Japanese Biochemical Society.

[29]  Shigeyuki Yokoyama,et al.  Protein expression systems for structural genomics and proteomics. , 2003, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[30]  T. Kigawa,et al.  A highly efficient cell-free protein synthesis system from Escherichia coli. , 1996, European journal of biochemistry.

[31]  E D Laue,et al.  Dual amino acid-selective and site-directed stable-isotope labeling of the human c-Ha-Ras protein by cell-free synthesis , 1998, Journal of biomolecular NMR.

[32]  Yutaka Kuroda,et al.  Structural genomics projects in Japan , 2000, Nature Structural Biology.